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Comparative phytotoxicity of ZnO NPs, bulk ZnO, and ionic zinc onto the alfalfa plants symbiotically associated with Sinorhizobium meliloti in soil.
Sci Total Environ. 2015 May 15; 515-516:60-9.ST

Abstract

ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are reported as potentially phytotoxic in hydroponic and soil media. However, studies on ZnO NPs toxicity in a plant inoculated with bacterium in soil are limited. In this study, ZnO NPs, bulk ZnO, and ZnCl₂ were exposed to the symbiotic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-Sinorhizobium meliloti association at concentrations ranging from 0 to 750 mg/kg soil. Plant growth, Zn bioaccumulation, dry biomass, leaf area, total protein, and catalase (CAT) activity were measured in 30 day-old plants. Results showed 50% germination reduction by bulk ZnO at 500 and 750 mg/kg and all ZnCl₂ concentrations. ZnO NPs and ionic Zn reduced root and shoot biomass by 80% and 25%, respectively. Conversely, bulk ZnO at 750 mg/kg increased shoot and root biomass by 225% and 10%, respectively, compared to control. At 500 and 750 mg/kg, ZnCl₂ reduced CAT activity in stems and leaves. Total leaf protein significantly decreased as external ZnCl₂ concentration increased. STEM-EDX imaging revealed the presence of ZnO particles in the root, stem, leaf, and nodule tissues. ZnO NPs showed less toxicity compared to ZnCl₂ and bulk ZnO found to be growth enhancing on measured traits. These findings are significant to reveal the toxicity effects of different Zn species (NPs, bulk, and ionic Zn) into environmentally important plant-bacterial system in soil.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Bandyopadhyay S
Environmental Science and Engineering PhD program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, United States; University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, United States.
Plascencia-Villa G
Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States.
Mukherjee A
Environmental Science and Engineering PhD program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, United States; University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, United States.
Rico CM
Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, United States; University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, United States.
José-Yacamán M
Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States.
Peralta-Videa JR
Environmental Science and Engineering PhD program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, United States; Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, United States; University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, United States.
Gardea-Torresdey JL
Environmental Science and Engineering PhD program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, United States; Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, United States; University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, United States. Electronic address: jgardea@utep.edu.

MeSH

HydroponicsMedicago sativaNanoparticlesSinorhizobium melilotiSoilSoil MicrobiologySoil PollutantsSymbiosisZinc Oxide

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Language

eng

PubMed ID

25698520

Citation

Bandyopadhyay, Susmita, et al. "Comparative Phytotoxicity of ZnO NPs, Bulk ZnO, and Ionic Zinc Onto the Alfalfa Plants Symbiotically Associated With Sinorhizobium Meliloti in Soil." The Science of the Total Environment, vol. 515-516, 2015, pp. 60-9.
Bandyopadhyay S, Plascencia-Villa G, Mukherjee A, et al. Comparative phytotoxicity of ZnO NPs, bulk ZnO, and ionic zinc onto the alfalfa plants symbiotically associated with Sinorhizobium meliloti in soil. Sci Total Environ. 2015;515-516:60-9.
Bandyopadhyay, S., Plascencia-Villa, G., Mukherjee, A., Rico, C. M., José-Yacamán, M., Peralta-Videa, J. R., & Gardea-Torresdey, J. L. (2015). Comparative phytotoxicity of ZnO NPs, bulk ZnO, and ionic zinc onto the alfalfa plants symbiotically associated with Sinorhizobium meliloti in soil. The Science of the Total Environment, 515-516, 60-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.014
Bandyopadhyay S, et al. Comparative Phytotoxicity of ZnO NPs, Bulk ZnO, and Ionic Zinc Onto the Alfalfa Plants Symbiotically Associated With Sinorhizobium Meliloti in Soil. Sci Total Environ. 2015 May 15;515-516:60-9. PubMed PMID: 25698520.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative phytotoxicity of ZnO NPs, bulk ZnO, and ionic zinc onto the alfalfa plants symbiotically associated with Sinorhizobium meliloti in soil. AU - Bandyopadhyay,Susmita, AU - Plascencia-Villa,Germán, AU - Mukherjee,Arnab, AU - Rico,Cyren M, AU - José-Yacamán,Miguel, AU - Peralta-Videa,Jose R, AU - Gardea-Torresdey,Jorge L, Y1 - 2015/02/17/ PY - 2014/12/18/received PY - 2015/02/04/revised PY - 2015/02/04/accepted PY - 2015/2/21/entrez PY - 2015/2/24/pubmed PY - 2015/6/27/medline KW - Bulk ZnO KW - General plant behavior KW - Ionic Zn KW - Toxicity KW - Zn uptake KW - ZnO nanoparticles SP - 60 EP - 9 JF - The Science of the total environment JO - Sci Total Environ VL - 515-516 N2 - ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are reported as potentially phytotoxic in hydroponic and soil media. However, studies on ZnO NPs toxicity in a plant inoculated with bacterium in soil are limited. In this study, ZnO NPs, bulk ZnO, and ZnCl₂ were exposed to the symbiotic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-Sinorhizobium meliloti association at concentrations ranging from 0 to 750 mg/kg soil. Plant growth, Zn bioaccumulation, dry biomass, leaf area, total protein, and catalase (CAT) activity were measured in 30 day-old plants. Results showed 50% germination reduction by bulk ZnO at 500 and 750 mg/kg and all ZnCl₂ concentrations. ZnO NPs and ionic Zn reduced root and shoot biomass by 80% and 25%, respectively. Conversely, bulk ZnO at 750 mg/kg increased shoot and root biomass by 225% and 10%, respectively, compared to control. At 500 and 750 mg/kg, ZnCl₂ reduced CAT activity in stems and leaves. Total leaf protein significantly decreased as external ZnCl₂ concentration increased. STEM-EDX imaging revealed the presence of ZnO particles in the root, stem, leaf, and nodule tissues. ZnO NPs showed less toxicity compared to ZnCl₂ and bulk ZnO found to be growth enhancing on measured traits. These findings are significant to reveal the toxicity effects of different Zn species (NPs, bulk, and ionic Zn) into environmentally important plant-bacterial system in soil. SN - 1879-1026 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/25698520/Comparative_phytotoxicity_of_ZnO_NPs_bulk_ZnO_and_ionic_zinc_onto_the_alfalfa_plants_symbiotically_associated_with_Sinorhizobium_meliloti_in_soil_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -