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The inverse association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and mortality may be modified by vitamin A status and use of vitamin A supplements.
Eur J Nutr. 2016 Feb; 55(1):393-402.EJ

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels have been associated with higher risk of many diseases that affect mortality, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. The inverse association between serum 25(OH)D and mortality may be modified by excess circulating vitamin A, due to interactions of vitamin A at the level of the vitamin D nuclear receptor. In this prospective cohort study, we investigated whether the association of 25(OH)D with all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality was modified by circulating vitamin A or preformed vitamin A intake from supplements.

METHODS

We analyzed 15,998 adults in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994. Mortality data for all-cause (n = 3890), cancer (n = 844), and CVD mortality (n = 1715) were assessed through December 2006. Serum 25(OH)D was measured using a radioimmunoassay kit, vitamin A biomarkers were measured by HPLC, and information on supplement use was obtained by self-report. Multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by proportional hazards regression.

RESULTS

Serum 25(OH)D was significantly inversely associated with all-cause mortality (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.89, 0.97, per 10 ng/mL increase) and also with CVD mortality and mortality due to non-cancer/non-cardiovascular causes, but not with cancer mortality. The observed inverse associations remained statistically significant only among participants with serum retinyl esters <7.0 μg/dL. High intake (>5000 IU/day) of preformed vitamin A from supplements attenuated the inverse association of 25(OH)D with overall mortality. The observed interactions were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS

25(OH)D was inversely associated with overall mortality, CVD mortality, and mortality due to non-cancer/non-CVD causes, but not with cancer mortality. A possible interaction between vitamin A exposure and 25(OH)D concentration appears to be associated with an attenuation of the inverse association between risk of death and quartile of 25(OH)D concentration.

Links

Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Schmutz EA
Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Zimmermann MB
Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Rohrmann S
Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. sabine.rohrmann@uzh.ch.

MeSH

AdultCardiovascular DiseasesDietary SupplementsFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedMortalityMultivariate AnalysisNeoplasmsNutrition SurveysNutritional StatusProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesVitamin AVitamin DVitamin D Deficiency

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

25701092

Citation

Schmutz, Einat Avital, et al. "The Inverse Association Between Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and Mortality May Be Modified By Vitamin a Status and Use of Vitamin a Supplements." European Journal of Nutrition, vol. 55, no. 1, 2016, pp. 393-402.
Schmutz EA, Zimmermann MB, Rohrmann S. The inverse association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and mortality may be modified by vitamin A status and use of vitamin A supplements. Eur J Nutr. 2016;55(1):393-402.
Schmutz, E. A., Zimmermann, M. B., & Rohrmann, S. (2016). The inverse association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and mortality may be modified by vitamin A status and use of vitamin A supplements. European Journal of Nutrition, 55(1), 393-402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-015-0860-y
Schmutz EA, Zimmermann MB, Rohrmann S. The Inverse Association Between Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and Mortality May Be Modified By Vitamin a Status and Use of Vitamin a Supplements. Eur J Nutr. 2016;55(1):393-402. PubMed PMID: 25701092.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - The inverse association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and mortality may be modified by vitamin A status and use of vitamin A supplements. AU - Schmutz,Einat Avital, AU - Zimmermann,Michael Bruce, AU - Rohrmann,Sabine, Y1 - 2015/02/21/ PY - 2014/08/08/received PY - 2015/02/09/accepted PY - 2015/2/22/entrez PY - 2015/2/24/pubmed PY - 2016/11/9/medline KW - Mortality KW - NHANES III KW - Vitamin A KW - Vitamin D SP - 393 EP - 402 JF - European journal of nutrition JO - Eur J Nutr VL - 55 IS - 1 N2 - BACKGROUND: Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels have been associated with higher risk of many diseases that affect mortality, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. The inverse association between serum 25(OH)D and mortality may be modified by excess circulating vitamin A, due to interactions of vitamin A at the level of the vitamin D nuclear receptor. In this prospective cohort study, we investigated whether the association of 25(OH)D with all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality was modified by circulating vitamin A or preformed vitamin A intake from supplements. METHODS: We analyzed 15,998 adults in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994. Mortality data for all-cause (n = 3890), cancer (n = 844), and CVD mortality (n = 1715) were assessed through December 2006. Serum 25(OH)D was measured using a radioimmunoassay kit, vitamin A biomarkers were measured by HPLC, and information on supplement use was obtained by self-report. Multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: Serum 25(OH)D was significantly inversely associated with all-cause mortality (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.89, 0.97, per 10 ng/mL increase) and also with CVD mortality and mortality due to non-cancer/non-cardiovascular causes, but not with cancer mortality. The observed inverse associations remained statistically significant only among participants with serum retinyl esters <7.0 μg/dL. High intake (>5000 IU/day) of preformed vitamin A from supplements attenuated the inverse association of 25(OH)D with overall mortality. The observed interactions were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: 25(OH)D was inversely associated with overall mortality, CVD mortality, and mortality due to non-cancer/non-CVD causes, but not with cancer mortality. A possible interaction between vitamin A exposure and 25(OH)D concentration appears to be associated with an attenuation of the inverse association between risk of death and quartile of 25(OH)D concentration. SN - 1436-6215 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/25701092/The_inverse_association_between_serum_25_hydroxyvitamin_D_and_mortality_may_be_modified_by_vitamin_A_status_and_use_of_vitamin_A_supplements_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -