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Cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs towards fresh water algae Scenedesmus obliquus at low exposure concentrations in UV-C, visible and dark conditions.
Aquat Toxicol. 2015 May; 162:29-38.AT

Abstract

Continuous increase in the usage of ZnO nanoparticles in commercial products has exacerbated the risk of release of these particles into the aquatic environment with possible harmful effects on the biota. In the current study, cytotoxic effects of two types of ZnO nanoparticles, having different initial effective diameters in filtered and sterilized lake water medium [487.5±2.55 nm for ZnO-1 NPs and 616.2±38.5 nm for ZnO-2 NPs] were evaluated towards a dominant freshwater algal isolate Scenedesmus obliquus in UV-C, visible and dark conditions at three exposure concentrations: 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/L. The toxic effects were found to be strongly dependent on the initial hydrodynamic particle size in the medium, the exposure concentrations and the irradiation conditions. The loss in viability, LDH release and ROS generation were significantly enhanced in the case of the smaller sized ZnO-1 NPs than in the case of ZnO-2 NPs under comparable test conditions. The toxicity of both types of ZnO NPs was considerably elevated under UV-C irradiation in comparison to that in dark and visible light conditions, the effects being more enhanced in case of ZnO-1 NPs. The size dependent dissolution of the ZnO NPs in the test medium and possible toxicity due to the released Zn(2+) ions was also noted. The surface adsorption of the nanoparticles was substantiated by scanning electron microscopy. The internalization/uptake of the NPs by the algal cells was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and elemental analyses.

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Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Bhuvaneshwari M
Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India.
Iswarya V
Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India.
Archanaa S
Department of Biotechnology, IIT Madras, India.
Madhu GM
Department of Chemical Engineering, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India.
Kumar GKS
Department of Biotechnology, IIT Madras, India.
Nagarajan R
Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Madras, India.
Chandrasekaran N
Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India.
Mukherjee A
Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India. Electronic address: amit.mookerjea@gmail.com.

MeSH

Dose-Response Relationship, DrugFresh WaterLightMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningMicroscopy, Electron, TransmissionNanoparticlesParticle SizeScenedesmusUltraviolet RaysWater Pollutants, ChemicalZinc Oxide

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

25770694

Citation

Bhuvaneshwari, M, et al. "Cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs Towards Fresh Water Algae Scenedesmus Obliquus at Low Exposure Concentrations in UV-C, Visible and Dark Conditions." Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands), vol. 162, 2015, pp. 29-38.
Bhuvaneshwari M, Iswarya V, Archanaa S, et al. Cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs towards fresh water algae Scenedesmus obliquus at low exposure concentrations in UV-C, visible and dark conditions. Aquat Toxicol. 2015;162:29-38.
Bhuvaneshwari, M., Iswarya, V., Archanaa, S., Madhu, G. M., Kumar, G. K. S., Nagarajan, R., Chandrasekaran, N., & Mukherjee, A. (2015). Cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs towards fresh water algae Scenedesmus obliquus at low exposure concentrations in UV-C, visible and dark conditions. Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 162, 29-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.03.004
Bhuvaneshwari M, et al. Cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs Towards Fresh Water Algae Scenedesmus Obliquus at Low Exposure Concentrations in UV-C, Visible and Dark Conditions. Aquat Toxicol. 2015;162:29-38. PubMed PMID: 25770694.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs towards fresh water algae Scenedesmus obliquus at low exposure concentrations in UV-C, visible and dark conditions. AU - Bhuvaneshwari,M, AU - Iswarya,V, AU - Archanaa,S, AU - Madhu,G M, AU - Kumar,G K Suraish, AU - Nagarajan,R, AU - Chandrasekaran,N, AU - Mukherjee,Amitava, Y1 - 2015/03/07/ PY - 2014/09/30/received PY - 2015/03/03/revised PY - 2015/03/04/accepted PY - 2015/3/16/entrez PY - 2015/3/17/pubmed PY - 2015/12/15/medline KW - Dissolution KW - Effective particle size KW - Exposure condition KW - Internalization KW - ROS KW - ZnO NPs SP - 29 EP - 38 JF - Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) JO - Aquat Toxicol VL - 162 N2 - Continuous increase in the usage of ZnO nanoparticles in commercial products has exacerbated the risk of release of these particles into the aquatic environment with possible harmful effects on the biota. In the current study, cytotoxic effects of two types of ZnO nanoparticles, having different initial effective diameters in filtered and sterilized lake water medium [487.5±2.55 nm for ZnO-1 NPs and 616.2±38.5 nm for ZnO-2 NPs] were evaluated towards a dominant freshwater algal isolate Scenedesmus obliquus in UV-C, visible and dark conditions at three exposure concentrations: 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/L. The toxic effects were found to be strongly dependent on the initial hydrodynamic particle size in the medium, the exposure concentrations and the irradiation conditions. The loss in viability, LDH release and ROS generation were significantly enhanced in the case of the smaller sized ZnO-1 NPs than in the case of ZnO-2 NPs under comparable test conditions. The toxicity of both types of ZnO NPs was considerably elevated under UV-C irradiation in comparison to that in dark and visible light conditions, the effects being more enhanced in case of ZnO-1 NPs. The size dependent dissolution of the ZnO NPs in the test medium and possible toxicity due to the released Zn(2+) ions was also noted. The surface adsorption of the nanoparticles was substantiated by scanning electron microscopy. The internalization/uptake of the NPs by the algal cells was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and elemental analyses. SN - 1879-1514 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/25770694/Cytotoxicity_of_ZnO_NPs_towards_fresh_water_algae_Scenedesmus_obliquus_at_low_exposure_concentrations_in_UV_C_visible_and_dark_conditions_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -