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Effect of biochar on the extractability of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) and enzyme activity in soil.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016 Jan; 23(2):974-84.ES

Abstract

Biochar is a carbon-rich solid material derived from the pyrolysis of agricultural and forest residual biomass. Previous studies have shown that biochar is suitable as an adsorbent for soil contaminants such as heavy metals and consequently reduces their bioavailability. However, the long-term effect of different biochars on metal extractability or soil health has not been assessed. Therefore, a 1-year incubation experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of biochar produced from bamboo and rice straw (at temperatures ≥500 °C) on the heavy metal (cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)) extractability and enzyme activity (urease, catalase, and acid phosphatase) in a contaminated sandy loam paddy soil. Three rates (0, 1, and 5%) and two mesh sizes (<0.25 and <1 mm) of biochar applications were investigated. After incubation, the physicochemical properties, extractable heavy metals, available phosphorus, and enzyme activity of soil samples were analyzed. The results demonstrated that rice straw biochar significantly (P < 0.05) increased the pH, electrical conductivity, and cation exchange capacity of the soil, especially at the 5% application rate. Both bamboo and rice straw biochar significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the concentration of CaCl2-extractable heavy metals as biochar application rate increased. The heavy metal extractability was significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with pH, water-soluble organic carbon, and available phosphorus in soil. The 5% application rate of fine rice straw biochar resulted in the greatest reductions of extractable Cu and Zn, 97.3 and 62.2%, respectively. Both bamboo and rice straw biochar were more effective at decreasing extractable Cu and Pb than removing extractable Cd and Zn from the soil. Urease activity increased by 143 and 107% after the addition of 5% coarse and fine rice straw biochars, respectively. Both bamboo and rice straw biochars significantly (P < 0.05) increased catalase activity but had no significant impact on acid phosphatase activity. In conclusion, the rice straw biochar had greater potential as an amendment for reducing the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil than that of the bamboo biochar. The impact of biochar treatment on heavy metal extractability and enzyme activity varied with the biochar type, application rate, and particle size.

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Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Yang X
Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China.
Liu J
Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China.
McGrouther K
Scion, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, 3046, New Zealand.
Huang H
Yancao Production Technology Center, Bijie Yancao Company of Guizhou Province, Bijie, Guizhou, 551700, China.
Lu K
Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China. kkping111@163.com.
Guo X
Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China.
He L
Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China.
Lin X
Guangdong Dazhong Agriculture Science Co. Ltd., Hongmei Town, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523169, China.
Che L
School of Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China.
Ye Z
Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China.
Wang H
Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China. nzhailongwang@gmail.com. Guangdong Dazhong Agriculture Science Co. Ltd., Hongmei Town, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523169, China. nzhailongwang@gmail.com.

MeSH

Biological AvailabilityCadmiumCharcoalCopperLeadMetals, HeavyOryzaPhosphorusSoilSoil PollutantsZinc

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

25772863

Citation

Yang, Xing, et al. "Effect of Biochar On the Extractability of Heavy Metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) and Enzyme Activity in Soil." Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, vol. 23, no. 2, 2016, pp. 974-84.
Yang X, Liu J, McGrouther K, et al. Effect of biochar on the extractability of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) and enzyme activity in soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016;23(2):974-84.
Yang, X., Liu, J., McGrouther, K., Huang, H., Lu, K., Guo, X., He, L., Lin, X., Che, L., Ye, Z., & Wang, H. (2016). Effect of biochar on the extractability of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) and enzyme activity in soil. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 23(2), 974-84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4233-0
Yang X, et al. Effect of Biochar On the Extractability of Heavy Metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) and Enzyme Activity in Soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016;23(2):974-84. PubMed PMID: 25772863.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of biochar on the extractability of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) and enzyme activity in soil. AU - Yang,Xing, AU - Liu,Jingjing, AU - McGrouther,Kim, AU - Huang,Huagang, AU - Lu,Kouping, AU - Guo,Xi, AU - He,Lizhi, AU - Lin,Xiaoming, AU - Che,Lei, AU - Ye,Zhengqian, AU - Wang,Hailong, Y1 - 2015/03/14/ PY - 2014/12/07/received PY - 2015/02/13/accepted PY - 2015/3/17/entrez PY - 2015/3/17/pubmed PY - 2016/9/8/medline KW - Application rate KW - Bioavailability KW - Biochar particle size KW - Contaminated soil KW - Heavy metal extractability KW - Soil enzyme SP - 974 EP - 84 JF - Environmental science and pollution research international JO - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int VL - 23 IS - 2 N2 - Biochar is a carbon-rich solid material derived from the pyrolysis of agricultural and forest residual biomass. Previous studies have shown that biochar is suitable as an adsorbent for soil contaminants such as heavy metals and consequently reduces their bioavailability. However, the long-term effect of different biochars on metal extractability or soil health has not been assessed. Therefore, a 1-year incubation experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of biochar produced from bamboo and rice straw (at temperatures ≥500 °C) on the heavy metal (cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)) extractability and enzyme activity (urease, catalase, and acid phosphatase) in a contaminated sandy loam paddy soil. Three rates (0, 1, and 5%) and two mesh sizes (<0.25 and <1 mm) of biochar applications were investigated. After incubation, the physicochemical properties, extractable heavy metals, available phosphorus, and enzyme activity of soil samples were analyzed. The results demonstrated that rice straw biochar significantly (P < 0.05) increased the pH, electrical conductivity, and cation exchange capacity of the soil, especially at the 5% application rate. Both bamboo and rice straw biochar significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the concentration of CaCl2-extractable heavy metals as biochar application rate increased. The heavy metal extractability was significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with pH, water-soluble organic carbon, and available phosphorus in soil. The 5% application rate of fine rice straw biochar resulted in the greatest reductions of extractable Cu and Zn, 97.3 and 62.2%, respectively. Both bamboo and rice straw biochar were more effective at decreasing extractable Cu and Pb than removing extractable Cd and Zn from the soil. Urease activity increased by 143 and 107% after the addition of 5% coarse and fine rice straw biochars, respectively. Both bamboo and rice straw biochars significantly (P < 0.05) increased catalase activity but had no significant impact on acid phosphatase activity. In conclusion, the rice straw biochar had greater potential as an amendment for reducing the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil than that of the bamboo biochar. The impact of biochar treatment on heavy metal extractability and enzyme activity varied with the biochar type, application rate, and particle size. SN - 1614-7499 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/25772863/Effect_of_biochar_on_the_extractability_of_heavy_metals__Cd_Cu_Pb_and_Zn__and_enzyme_activity_in_soil_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -