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Salinity-dependent toxicities of zinc oxide nanoparticles to the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana.
Aquat Toxicol. 2015 Aug; 165:31-40.AT

Abstract

This study comprehensively investigated the influences of salinity, exposure concentration and time on the aggregate size, surface charge and dissolution of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs; 20nm) in seawater, and examined the interacting effect of salinity and waterborne exposure of ZnO-NPs on the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana for 96h. We found that aggregate sizes of ZnO-NPs significantly increased with increasing salinity, but generally decreased with increasing exposure concentration. Ion release decreased with increasing salinity, whereas the surface charge of the particles was not affected by salinity. The increased aggregate size and decreased ion release with increasing salinity, and consequently lower concentration of bioavailable zinc ions, resulted in decreased toxicity of ZnO-NPs at higher salinity in general in terms of growth inhibition (IC50) and chlorophyll fluorescence (EC50 - ФPo and EC50 - Ф2). However, IC50s and EC50s of ZnO-NPs were smaller than those of Zn(2+) (from ZnO-NPs ultrafiltrate and ZnCl2), indicating that dissolved Zn(2+) can only partially explain the toxicity of ZnO-NPs. SEM images showed that ZnO-NPs attached on the diatom frustule surface, suggesting that the interaction between the nanoparticles and the cell surface may acerbate the toxicity of ZnO-NPs. Our results linked the physicochemical characteristics of ZnO-NPs in seawater with their toxicities to the marine diatom and highlighted the importance of salinity as an influential environmental factor governing the aggregation, dissolution and the toxicity of ZnO-NPs.

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Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Yung MM
The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
Wong SW
The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
Kwok KW
Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
Liu FZ
Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
Leung YH
Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
Chan WT
Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
Li XY
Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
Djurišić AB
Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
Leung KM
The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: kmyleung@hku.hk.

MeSH

DiatomsNanoparticlesSalinityWater Pollutants, ChemicalZinc Oxide

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

26011135

Citation

Yung, Mana M N., et al. "Salinity-dependent Toxicities of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles to the Marine Diatom Thalassiosira Pseudonana." Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands), vol. 165, 2015, pp. 31-40.
Yung MM, Wong SW, Kwok KW, et al. Salinity-dependent toxicities of zinc oxide nanoparticles to the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. Aquat Toxicol. 2015;165:31-40.
Yung, M. M., Wong, S. W., Kwok, K. W., Liu, F. Z., Leung, Y. H., Chan, W. T., Li, X. Y., Djurišić, A. B., & Leung, K. M. (2015). Salinity-dependent toxicities of zinc oxide nanoparticles to the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 165, 31-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.05.015
Yung MM, et al. Salinity-dependent Toxicities of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles to the Marine Diatom Thalassiosira Pseudonana. Aquat Toxicol. 2015;165:31-40. PubMed PMID: 26011135.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Salinity-dependent toxicities of zinc oxide nanoparticles to the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. AU - Yung,Mana M N, AU - Wong,Stella W Y, AU - Kwok,Kevin W H, AU - Liu,F Z, AU - Leung,Y H, AU - Chan,W T, AU - Li,X Y, AU - Djurišić,A B, AU - Leung,Kenneth M Y, Y1 - 2015/05/19/ PY - 2014/12/10/received PY - 2015/05/13/revised PY - 2015/05/16/accepted PY - 2015/5/27/entrez PY - 2015/5/27/pubmed PY - 2015/11/18/medline KW - Dissolution KW - Metal speciation KW - Ultrafiltrate KW - Zinc complex KW - ZnO–NPs SP - 31 EP - 40 JF - Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) JO - Aquat Toxicol VL - 165 N2 - This study comprehensively investigated the influences of salinity, exposure concentration and time on the aggregate size, surface charge and dissolution of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs; 20nm) in seawater, and examined the interacting effect of salinity and waterborne exposure of ZnO-NPs on the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana for 96h. We found that aggregate sizes of ZnO-NPs significantly increased with increasing salinity, but generally decreased with increasing exposure concentration. Ion release decreased with increasing salinity, whereas the surface charge of the particles was not affected by salinity. The increased aggregate size and decreased ion release with increasing salinity, and consequently lower concentration of bioavailable zinc ions, resulted in decreased toxicity of ZnO-NPs at higher salinity in general in terms of growth inhibition (IC50) and chlorophyll fluorescence (EC50 - ФPo and EC50 - Ф2). However, IC50s and EC50s of ZnO-NPs were smaller than those of Zn(2+) (from ZnO-NPs ultrafiltrate and ZnCl2), indicating that dissolved Zn(2+) can only partially explain the toxicity of ZnO-NPs. SEM images showed that ZnO-NPs attached on the diatom frustule surface, suggesting that the interaction between the nanoparticles and the cell surface may acerbate the toxicity of ZnO-NPs. Our results linked the physicochemical characteristics of ZnO-NPs in seawater with their toxicities to the marine diatom and highlighted the importance of salinity as an influential environmental factor governing the aggregation, dissolution and the toxicity of ZnO-NPs. SN - 1879-1514 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/26011135/Salinity_dependent_toxicities_of_zinc_oxide_nanoparticles_to_the_marine_diatom_Thalassiosira_pseudonana_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -