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Manganese Fractionation Using a Sequential Extraction Method to Evaluate Welders' Shielded Metal Arc Welding Exposures During Construction Projects in Oil Refineries.
J Occup Environ Hyg. 2015; 12(11):774-84.JO

Abstract

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has conducted an occupational exposure assessment study of manganese (Mn) in welding fume of construction workers rebuilding tanks, piping, and process equipment at two oil refineries. The objective of this study was to evaluate exposures to different Mn fractions using a sequential extraction procedure. Seventy-two worker-days were monitored for either total or respirable Mn during stick welding and associated activities both within and outside of confined spaces. The samples were analyzed using an experimental method to separate different Mn fractions by valence states based on selective chemical solubility. The full-shift total particulate Mn time-weighted average (TWA) breathing zone concentrations ranged from 0.013-29 for soluble Mn in a mild ammonium acetate solution; from 0.26-250 for Mn(0,2+) in acetic acid; from non-detectable (ND) - 350 for Mn(3+,4+) in hydroxylamine-hydrochloride; and from ND - 39 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m(3)) for insoluble Mn fractions in hydrochloric and nitric acid. The summation of all Mn fractions in total particulate TWA ranged from 0.52-470 μg/m(3). The range of respirable particulate Mn TWA concentrations were from 0.20-28 for soluble Mn; from 1.4-270 for Mn(0,2+); from 0.49-150 for Mn(3+,4+); from ND - 100 for insoluble Mn; and from 2.0-490 μg/m(3) for Mn (sum of fractions). For all jobs combined, total particulate TWA GM concentrations of the Mn(sum) were 99 (GSD = 3.35) and 8.7 (GSD = 3.54) μg/m(3) for workers inside and outside of confined spaces; respirable Mn also showed much higher levels for welders within confined spaces. Regardless of particle size and confined space work status, Mn(0,2+) fraction was the most abundant followed by Mn(3+,4+) fraction, typically >50% and ∼30-40% of Mn(sum), respectively. Eighteen welders' exposures exceeded the ACGIH Threshold Limit Values for total Mn (100 μg/m(3)) and 25 exceeded the recently adopted respirable Mn TLV (20 μg/m(3)). This study shows that a welding fume exposure control and management program is warranted, especially for welding jobs in confined spaces.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Hanley KW
a Industrywide Studies Branch, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Cincinnati , Ohio.
Andrews R
b Chemical Exposure and Monitoring Branch, Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Cincinnati , Ohio.
Bertke S
a Industrywide Studies Branch, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Cincinnati , Ohio.
Ashley K
b Chemical Exposure and Monitoring Branch, Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Cincinnati , Ohio.

MeSH

Air Pollutants, OccupationalConfined SpacesConstruction IndustryInhalation ExposureManganeseNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S.Occupational ExposureOil and Gas IndustryParticle SizeParticulate MatterUnited StatesWelding

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Language

eng

PubMed ID

26011602

Citation

Hanley, Kevin W., et al. "Manganese Fractionation Using a Sequential Extraction Method to Evaluate Welders' Shielded Metal Arc Welding Exposures During Construction Projects in Oil Refineries." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, vol. 12, no. 11, 2015, pp. 774-84.
Hanley KW, Andrews R, Bertke S, et al. Manganese Fractionation Using a Sequential Extraction Method to Evaluate Welders' Shielded Metal Arc Welding Exposures During Construction Projects in Oil Refineries. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2015;12(11):774-84.
Hanley, K. W., Andrews, R., Bertke, S., & Ashley, K. (2015). Manganese Fractionation Using a Sequential Extraction Method to Evaluate Welders' Shielded Metal Arc Welding Exposures During Construction Projects in Oil Refineries. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 12(11), 774-84. https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2015.1047022
Hanley KW, et al. Manganese Fractionation Using a Sequential Extraction Method to Evaluate Welders' Shielded Metal Arc Welding Exposures During Construction Projects in Oil Refineries. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2015;12(11):774-84. PubMed PMID: 26011602.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Manganese Fractionation Using a Sequential Extraction Method to Evaluate Welders' Shielded Metal Arc Welding Exposures During Construction Projects in Oil Refineries. AU - Hanley,Kevin W, AU - Andrews,Ronnee, AU - Bertke,Steven, AU - Ashley,Kevin, PY - 2015/5/27/entrez PY - 2015/5/27/pubmed PY - 2016/7/13/medline KW - construction KW - manganese fractionation KW - petroleum refineries KW - shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) KW - stick welding KW - welding SP - 774 EP - 84 JF - Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene JO - J Occup Environ Hyg VL - 12 IS - 11 N2 - The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has conducted an occupational exposure assessment study of manganese (Mn) in welding fume of construction workers rebuilding tanks, piping, and process equipment at two oil refineries. The objective of this study was to evaluate exposures to different Mn fractions using a sequential extraction procedure. Seventy-two worker-days were monitored for either total or respirable Mn during stick welding and associated activities both within and outside of confined spaces. The samples were analyzed using an experimental method to separate different Mn fractions by valence states based on selective chemical solubility. The full-shift total particulate Mn time-weighted average (TWA) breathing zone concentrations ranged from 0.013-29 for soluble Mn in a mild ammonium acetate solution; from 0.26-250 for Mn(0,2+) in acetic acid; from non-detectable (ND) - 350 for Mn(3+,4+) in hydroxylamine-hydrochloride; and from ND - 39 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m(3)) for insoluble Mn fractions in hydrochloric and nitric acid. The summation of all Mn fractions in total particulate TWA ranged from 0.52-470 μg/m(3). The range of respirable particulate Mn TWA concentrations were from 0.20-28 for soluble Mn; from 1.4-270 for Mn(0,2+); from 0.49-150 for Mn(3+,4+); from ND - 100 for insoluble Mn; and from 2.0-490 μg/m(3) for Mn (sum of fractions). For all jobs combined, total particulate TWA GM concentrations of the Mn(sum) were 99 (GSD = 3.35) and 8.7 (GSD = 3.54) μg/m(3) for workers inside and outside of confined spaces; respirable Mn also showed much higher levels for welders within confined spaces. Regardless of particle size and confined space work status, Mn(0,2+) fraction was the most abundant followed by Mn(3+,4+) fraction, typically >50% and ∼30-40% of Mn(sum), respectively. Eighteen welders' exposures exceeded the ACGIH Threshold Limit Values for total Mn (100 μg/m(3)) and 25 exceeded the recently adopted respirable Mn TLV (20 μg/m(3)). This study shows that a welding fume exposure control and management program is warranted, especially for welding jobs in confined spaces. SN - 1545-9632 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/26011602/Manganese_Fractionation_Using_a_Sequential_Extraction_Method_to_Evaluate_Welders'_Shielded_Metal_Arc_Welding_Exposures_During_Construction_Projects_in_Oil_Refineries_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -