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Day and night shift schedules are associated with lower sleep quality in Evening-types.
Chronobiol Int. 2015 Jun; 32(5):627-36.CI

Abstract

Eveningness has been suggested as a facilitating factor in adaptation to shift work, with several studies reporting evening chronotypes (E-types) as better sleepers when on night shifts. Conversely, eveningness has been associated with more sleep complaints during day shifts. However, sleep during day shifts has received limited attention in previous studies assessing chronotypes in shift workers. Environmental light exposure has also been reported to differ between chronotypes in day workers. Activity is also known to provide temporal input to the circadian clock. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare objective sleep, light exposure and activity levels between chronotypes, both during the night and day shifts. Thirty-nine patrol police patrol officers working on a fast rotating shift schedule (mean age ± SD: 28.9 ± 3.2 yrs; 28 males) participated in this study. All subjects completed the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Sleep and activity were monitored with actigraphy (Actiwatch-L; Mini-Mitter/Respironics, Bend, OR) for four consecutive night shifts and four consecutive day shifts (night work schedule: 00:00 h-07:00 h; day work schedule: 07:00 h-15:00 h). Sleep and activity parameters were calculated with Actiware software. MEQ scores ranged from 26 to 56; no subject was categorized as Morning-type. E-types (n = 13) showed significantly lower sleep efficiency, longer snooze time and spent more time awake after sleep onset than Intermediate-types (I-types, n = 26) for both the night and day shifts. E-types also exhibited shorter and more numerous sleep bouts. Furthermore, when napping was taken into account, E-types had shorter total sleep duration than I-types during the day shifts. E-types were more active during the first hours of their night shift when compared to I-types. Also, all participants spent more time active and had higher amount of activity per minute during day shifts when compared to night shifts. No difference was found regarding light exposure between chronotypes. In conclusion, sleep parameters revealed poorer sleep quality in E-types for both the night and day shifts. These differences could not be explained by sleep opportunity, light exposure or activity levels. This study challenges the notion that E-types adapt better to night shifts. Further studies must verify whether E-types exhibit lower sleep quality than Morning-types.

Links

Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Martin JS
Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada .
Laberge L
No affiliation info available
Sasseville A
No affiliation info available
Bérubé M
No affiliation info available
Alain S
No affiliation info available
Houle J
No affiliation info available
Hébert M
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AdultAttentionCircadian ClocksCircadian RhythmHumansLightMaleSleepSleep Initiation and Maintenance DisordersWakefulnessWork Schedule Tolerance

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

26035480

Clinical Trial Links

Effects of Shift Work on Nurse Staff Health

Citation

Martin, Jeanne Sophie, et al. "Day and Night Shift Schedules Are Associated With Lower Sleep Quality in Evening-types." Chronobiology International, vol. 32, no. 5, 2015, pp. 627-36.
Martin JS, Laberge L, Sasseville A, et al. Day and night shift schedules are associated with lower sleep quality in Evening-types. Chronobiol Int. 2015;32(5):627-36.
Martin, J. S., Laberge, L., Sasseville, A., Bérubé, M., Alain, S., Houle, J., & Hébert, M. (2015). Day and night shift schedules are associated with lower sleep quality in Evening-types. Chronobiology International, 32(5), 627-36. https://doi.org/10.3109/07420528.2015.1033425
Martin JS, et al. Day and Night Shift Schedules Are Associated With Lower Sleep Quality in Evening-types. Chronobiol Int. 2015;32(5):627-36. PubMed PMID: 26035480.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Day and night shift schedules are associated with lower sleep quality in Evening-types. AU - Martin,Jeanne Sophie, AU - Laberge,Luc, AU - Sasseville,Alexandre, AU - Bérubé,Marilie, AU - Alain,Samuel, AU - Houle,Jérôme, AU - Hébert,Marc, Y1 - 2015/06/02/ PY - 2015/6/3/entrez PY - 2015/6/3/pubmed PY - 2016/5/10/medline KW - Actigraphy KW - activity KW - chronotype KW - circadian preference KW - light KW - morningness–eveningness KW - shift work KW - sleep SP - 627 EP - 36 JF - Chronobiology international JO - Chronobiol Int VL - 32 IS - 5 N2 - Eveningness has been suggested as a facilitating factor in adaptation to shift work, with several studies reporting evening chronotypes (E-types) as better sleepers when on night shifts. Conversely, eveningness has been associated with more sleep complaints during day shifts. However, sleep during day shifts has received limited attention in previous studies assessing chronotypes in shift workers. Environmental light exposure has also been reported to differ between chronotypes in day workers. Activity is also known to provide temporal input to the circadian clock. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare objective sleep, light exposure and activity levels between chronotypes, both during the night and day shifts. Thirty-nine patrol police patrol officers working on a fast rotating shift schedule (mean age ± SD: 28.9 ± 3.2 yrs; 28 males) participated in this study. All subjects completed the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Sleep and activity were monitored with actigraphy (Actiwatch-L; Mini-Mitter/Respironics, Bend, OR) for four consecutive night shifts and four consecutive day shifts (night work schedule: 00:00 h-07:00 h; day work schedule: 07:00 h-15:00 h). Sleep and activity parameters were calculated with Actiware software. MEQ scores ranged from 26 to 56; no subject was categorized as Morning-type. E-types (n = 13) showed significantly lower sleep efficiency, longer snooze time and spent more time awake after sleep onset than Intermediate-types (I-types, n = 26) for both the night and day shifts. E-types also exhibited shorter and more numerous sleep bouts. Furthermore, when napping was taken into account, E-types had shorter total sleep duration than I-types during the day shifts. E-types were more active during the first hours of their night shift when compared to I-types. Also, all participants spent more time active and had higher amount of activity per minute during day shifts when compared to night shifts. No difference was found regarding light exposure between chronotypes. In conclusion, sleep parameters revealed poorer sleep quality in E-types for both the night and day shifts. These differences could not be explained by sleep opportunity, light exposure or activity levels. This study challenges the notion that E-types adapt better to night shifts. Further studies must verify whether E-types exhibit lower sleep quality than Morning-types. SN - 1525-6073 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/26035480/Day_and_night_shift_schedules_are_associated_with_lower_sleep_quality_in_Evening_types_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -