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Photographic measurement of head and cervical posture when viewing mobile phone: a pilot study.
Eur Spine J. 2015 Dec; 24(12):2892-8.ES

Abstract

PURPOSE

With the dramatic growth of mobile phone usage, concerns have been raised with regard to the adverse health effects of mobile phone on spinal posture. The aim of this study was to determine the head and cervical postures by photogrammetry when viewing the mobile phone screen, compared with those in neutral standing posture.

METHODS

A total of 186 subjects (81 females and 105 males) aged from 17 to 31 years old participated in this study. Subjects were instructed to stand neutrally and using mobile phone as in daily life. Using a photographic method, the sagittal head and cervical postures were assessed by head tilt angle, neck tilt angle, forward head shift and gaze angle.

RESULTS

The photographic method showed a high intra-rater and inter-rater reliability in measuring the sagittal posture of cervical spine and gaze angle (ICCs ranged from 0.80 to 0.99). When looking at mobile phone, the head tilt angle significantly increased (from 74.55° to 95.22°, p = 0.000) and the neck angle decreased (from 54.68° to 38.77°, p = 0.000). The forward head posture was also confirmed by the significantly increased head shift (from 10.90 to 13.85 cm, p = 0.000). The posture assumed in mobile phone use was significantly correlated with neutral posture (p < 0.05). Males displayed a more forward head posture than females (p < 0.05). The head tilt angle was positively correlated with the gaze angle (r = 0.616, p = 0.000), while the neck tilt angle was negatively correlated with the gaze angle (r = -0.628, p = 0.000).

CONCLUSIONS

Photogrammetry is a reliable, quantitative method to evaluate the head and cervical posture during mobile phone use. Compared to neutral standing, subjects display a more forward head posture when viewing the mobile phone screen, which is correlated with neutral posture, gaze angle and gender. Future studies will be needed to investigate a dose-response relationship between mobile phone use and assumed posture.

Links

Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.

Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.

Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.

Tongji University School of Medicine, 200092, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.

Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.

Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.

Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.

Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.

Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.

Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. tjspinecenter@163.com.

MeSH

AdolescentAdultCell PhoneCervical VertebraeFemaleHeadHumansMaleNeckPhotogrammetryPhotographyPilot ProjectsPostureReproducibility of ResultsYoung Adult

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

26206292

Clinical Trial Links

Cervical Functionality and Posture (CERFUPOS)

Citation

Guan, Xiaofei, et al. "Photographic Measurement of Head and Cervical Posture when Viewing Mobile Phone: a Pilot Study." European Spine Journal : Official Publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, vol. 24, no. 12, 2015, pp. 2892-8.

Guan X, Fan G, Wu X, et al. Photographic measurement of head and cervical posture when viewing mobile phone: a pilot study. Eur Spine J. 2015;24(12):2892-8.

Guan, X., Fan, G., Wu, X., Zeng, Y., Su, H., Gu, G., Zhou, Q., Gu, X., Zhang, H., & He, S. (2015). Photographic measurement of head and cervical posture when viewing mobile phone: a pilot study. European Spine Journal : Official Publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 24(12), 2892-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-015-4143-3

Guan X, et al. Photographic Measurement of Head and Cervical Posture when Viewing Mobile Phone: a Pilot Study. Eur Spine J. 2015;24(12):2892-8. PubMed PMID: 26206292.

* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case

TY - JOUR T1 - Photographic measurement of head and cervical posture when viewing mobile phone: a pilot study. AU - Guan,Xiaofei, AU - Fan,Guoxin, AU - Wu,Xinbo, AU - Zeng,Ying, AU - Su,Hang, AU - Gu,Guangfei, AU - Zhou,Qi, AU - Gu,Xin, AU - Zhang,Hailong, AU - He,Shisheng, Y1 - 2015/07/24/ PY - 2015/3/11/received PY - 2015/7/14/accepted PY - 2015/7/14/revised PY - 2015/7/25/entrez PY - 2015/7/25/pubmed PY - 2016/7/7/medline KW - Cervical spine KW - Forward head posture KW - Mobile phone KW - Photogrammetry SP - 2892 EP - 8 JF - European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society JO - Eur Spine J VL - 24 IS - 12 N2 - PURPOSE: With the dramatic growth of mobile phone usage, concerns have been raised with regard to the adverse health effects of mobile phone on spinal posture. The aim of this study was to determine the head and cervical postures by photogrammetry when viewing the mobile phone screen, compared with those in neutral standing posture. METHODS: A total of 186 subjects (81 females and 105 males) aged from 17 to 31 years old participated in this study. Subjects were instructed to stand neutrally and using mobile phone as in daily life. Using a photographic method, the sagittal head and cervical postures were assessed by head tilt angle, neck tilt angle, forward head shift and gaze angle. RESULTS: The photographic method showed a high intra-rater and inter-rater reliability in measuring the sagittal posture of cervical spine and gaze angle (ICCs ranged from 0.80 to 0.99). When looking at mobile phone, the head tilt angle significantly increased (from 74.55° to 95.22°, p = 0.000) and the neck angle decreased (from 54.68° to 38.77°, p = 0.000). The forward head posture was also confirmed by the significantly increased head shift (from 10.90 to 13.85 cm, p = 0.000). The posture assumed in mobile phone use was significantly correlated with neutral posture (p < 0.05). Males displayed a more forward head posture than females (p < 0.05). The head tilt angle was positively correlated with the gaze angle (r = 0.616, p = 0.000), while the neck tilt angle was negatively correlated with the gaze angle (r = -0.628, p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: Photogrammetry is a reliable, quantitative method to evaluate the head and cervical posture during mobile phone use. Compared to neutral standing, subjects display a more forward head posture when viewing the mobile phone screen, which is correlated with neutral posture, gaze angle and gender. Future studies will be needed to investigate a dose-response relationship between mobile phone use and assumed posture. SN - 1432-0932 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/26206292/Photographic_measurement_of_head_and_cervical_posture_when_viewing_mobile_phone:_a_pilot_study_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -