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Dietary inflammatory index and telomere length in subjects with a high cardiovascular disease risk from the PREDIMED-NAVARRA study: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses over 5 y.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 Oct; 102(4):897-904.AJ

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Dietary factors can affect telomere length (TL), a biomarker of aging, through oxidation and inflammation-related mechanisms. A Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) could help to understand the effect of the inflammatory potential of the diet on telomere shortening.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to determine the association of the DII with TL and to examine whether diet-associated inflammation could modify the telomere attrition rate after a 5-y follow-up of a Mediterranean dietary intervention.

DESIGN

This was a prospective study of 520 participants at high cardiovascular disease risk (mean ± SD age: 67.0 ± 6.0 y, 45% males) from the PREDIMED-NAVARRA (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea-NAVARRA) trial. Leukocyte TL was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction at baseline and after 5 y of follow-up. The DII was calculated from self-reported data by using a validated 137-item food-frequency questionnaire.

RESULTS

Longer telomeres at baseline were found in participants who had a more anti-inflammatory diet (lowest DII score) (P-trend = 0.012). Longitudinal analyses further showed that a greater anti-inflammatory potential of the diet (i.e., a decrease in the DII) could significantly slow down the rate of telomere shortening. Moreover, the multivariable-adjusted OR for short telomeres (z score ≤20th percentile) was 1.80 (95% CI: 1.03, 3.17) in a comparison between the highest (proinflammatory) and the lowest (anti-inflammatory) DII tertiles. Similarly, a greater DII (greatest proinflammatory values) after a 5-y follow-up was associated with almost a 2-fold higher risk of accelerated telomere attrition compared with the highest decrease in DII (greatest anti-inflammatory values) during this period (P-trend = 0.025).

CONCLUSIONS

This study showed both cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the inflammatory potential of the diet and telomere shortening in subjects with a high cardiovascular disease risk. Our findings are consistent with, but do not show, a beneficial effect of adherence to an anti-inflammatory diet on aging and health by slowing down telomere shortening. These results suggest that diet might play a key role as a determinant of TL through proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory mechanisms. This trial was registered at controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN35739639.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

García-Calzón S
Departments of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain;
Zalba G
Biochemistry and Genetics, and Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain;
Ruiz-Canela M
Preventive Medicine and Public Health and Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Center of Biomedical Research in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain;
Shivappa N
Cancer Prevention and Control Program and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC;
Hébert JR
Cancer Prevention and Control Program and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC;
Martínez JA
Departments of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Center of Biomedical Research in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain;
Fitó M
Center of Biomedical Research in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (Regicor Study Group), Barcelona, Spain; and.
Gómez-Gracia E
Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.
Martínez-González MA
Preventive Medicine and Public Health and Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Center of Biomedical Research in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain;
Marti A
Departments of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Center of Biomedical Research in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; amarti@unav.es.

MeSH

AgedAged, 80 and overAgingBody Mass IndexCardiovascular DiseasesCholesterol, HDLCholesterol, LDLCross-Sectional StudiesDiet, Fat-RestrictedDiet, MediterraneanDietary CarbohydratesDietary FatsDietary ProteinsEnergy IntakeFeeding BehaviorFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGenetic MarkersHumansInflammationLeukocytesLinear ModelsLongitudinal StudiesMaleMicronutrientsMiddle AgedMotor ActivityNutsOlive OilProspective StudiesReal-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionRisk FactorsSurveys and QuestionnairesTelomereTriglycerides

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

26354530

Citation

García-Calzón, Sonia, et al. "Dietary Inflammatory Index and Telomere Length in Subjects With a High Cardiovascular Disease Risk From the PREDIMED-NAVARRA Study: Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Analyses Over 5 Y." The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 102, no. 4, 2015, pp. 897-904.
García-Calzón S, Zalba G, Ruiz-Canela M, et al. Dietary inflammatory index and telomere length in subjects with a high cardiovascular disease risk from the PREDIMED-NAVARRA study: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses over 5 y. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;102(4):897-904.
García-Calzón, S., Zalba, G., Ruiz-Canela, M., Shivappa, N., Hébert, J. R., Martínez, J. A., Fitó, M., Gómez-Gracia, E., Martínez-González, M. A., & Marti, A. (2015). Dietary inflammatory index and telomere length in subjects with a high cardiovascular disease risk from the PREDIMED-NAVARRA study: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses over 5 y. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 102(4), 897-904. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.116863
García-Calzón S, et al. Dietary Inflammatory Index and Telomere Length in Subjects With a High Cardiovascular Disease Risk From the PREDIMED-NAVARRA Study: Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Analyses Over 5 Y. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;102(4):897-904. PubMed PMID: 26354530.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary inflammatory index and telomere length in subjects with a high cardiovascular disease risk from the PREDIMED-NAVARRA study: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses over 5 y. AU - García-Calzón,Sonia, AU - Zalba,Guillermo, AU - Ruiz-Canela,Miguel, AU - Shivappa,Nitin, AU - Hébert,James R, AU - Martínez,J Alfredo, AU - Fitó,Montserrat, AU - Gómez-Gracia,Enrique, AU - Martínez-González,Miguel A, AU - Marti,Amelia, Y1 - 2015/09/09/ PY - 2015/06/09/received PY - 2015/08/04/accepted PY - 2015/9/11/entrez PY - 2015/9/12/pubmed PY - 2016/1/6/medline KW - aging KW - cardiovascular disease KW - diet KW - inflammation KW - telomeres SP - 897 EP - 904 JF - The American journal of clinical nutrition JO - Am J Clin Nutr VL - 102 IS - 4 N2 - BACKGROUND: Dietary factors can affect telomere length (TL), a biomarker of aging, through oxidation and inflammation-related mechanisms. A Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) could help to understand the effect of the inflammatory potential of the diet on telomere shortening. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the association of the DII with TL and to examine whether diet-associated inflammation could modify the telomere attrition rate after a 5-y follow-up of a Mediterranean dietary intervention. DESIGN: This was a prospective study of 520 participants at high cardiovascular disease risk (mean ± SD age: 67.0 ± 6.0 y, 45% males) from the PREDIMED-NAVARRA (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea-NAVARRA) trial. Leukocyte TL was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction at baseline and after 5 y of follow-up. The DII was calculated from self-reported data by using a validated 137-item food-frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: Longer telomeres at baseline were found in participants who had a more anti-inflammatory diet (lowest DII score) (P-trend = 0.012). Longitudinal analyses further showed that a greater anti-inflammatory potential of the diet (i.e., a decrease in the DII) could significantly slow down the rate of telomere shortening. Moreover, the multivariable-adjusted OR for short telomeres (z score ≤20th percentile) was 1.80 (95% CI: 1.03, 3.17) in a comparison between the highest (proinflammatory) and the lowest (anti-inflammatory) DII tertiles. Similarly, a greater DII (greatest proinflammatory values) after a 5-y follow-up was associated with almost a 2-fold higher risk of accelerated telomere attrition compared with the highest decrease in DII (greatest anti-inflammatory values) during this period (P-trend = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed both cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the inflammatory potential of the diet and telomere shortening in subjects with a high cardiovascular disease risk. Our findings are consistent with, but do not show, a beneficial effect of adherence to an anti-inflammatory diet on aging and health by slowing down telomere shortening. These results suggest that diet might play a key role as a determinant of TL through proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory mechanisms. This trial was registered at controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN35739639. SN - 1938-3207 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/26354530/Dietary_inflammatory_index_and_telomere_length_in_subjects_with_a_high_cardiovascular_disease_risk_from_the_PREDIMED_NAVARRA_study:_cross_sectional_and_longitudinal_analyses_over_5_y_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -