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Early Detection and Mitigation of Resistance to Bt Maize by Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).
J Econ Entomol. 2016 Feb; 109(1):1-12.JE

Abstract

Transgenic Bt maize that produces less than a high-dose has been widely adopted and presents considerable insect resistance management (IRM) challenges. Western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, has rapidly evolved resistance to Bt maize in the field, leading to local loss of efficacy for some corn rootworm Bt maize events. Documenting and responding to this resistance has been complicated by a lack of rapid diagnostic bioassays and by regulatory triggers that hinder timely and effective management responses. These failures are of great concern to the scientific and agricultural community. Specific challenges posed by western corn rootworm resistance to Bt maize, and more general concerns around Bt crops that produce less than a high-dose of Bt toxin, have caused uncertainty around current IRM protocols. More than 15 years of experience with IRM has shown that high-dose and refuge-based IRM is not applicable to Bt crops that produce less than a high-dose. Adaptive IRM approaches and pro-active, integrated IRM-pest management strategies are needed and should be in place before release of new technologies that produce less than a high-dose. We suggest changes in IRM strategies to preserve the utility of corn rootworm Bt maize by 1) targeting local resistance management earlier in the sequence of responses to resistance and 2) developing area-wide criteria to address widespread economic losses. We also favor consideration of policies and programs to counteract economic forces that are contributing to rapid resistance evolution.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Andow DA
Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 (dandow@umn.edu), dandow@umn.edu.
Pueppke SG
Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 (pueppke@anr.msu.edu).
Schaafsma AW
University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus, Ridgetown, Ontario, Canada N0P 2C0 (aschaafs@uoguelph.ca).
Gassmann AJ
Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 (aaronjg@iastate.edu).
Sappington TW
USDA-ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA 50011 (Tom.Sappington@ars.usda.gov; Richard.Hellmich@ars.usda.gov), dandow@umn.edu.
Meinke LJ
Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 (LMEINKE1@unl.edu).
Mitchell PD
Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 (pdmitchell@wisc.edu).
Hurley TM
Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 (tmh@umn.edu), and.
Hellmich RL
USDA-ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA 50011 (Tom.Sappington@ars.usda.gov; Richard.Hellmich@ars.usda.gov).
Porter RP
Texas A&M Agrilife Research and Extension Center, Lubbock, TX 79403 (pporter@ag.tamu.edu).

MeSH

AnimalsBacillus thuringiensisBacillus thuringiensis ToxinsBacterial ProteinsColeopteraEndotoxinsHemolysin ProteinsInsecticide ResistanceInsecticidesPest Control, BiologicalPlants, Genetically ModifiedZea mays

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Language

eng

PubMed ID

26362989

Citation

Andow, David A., et al. "Early Detection and Mitigation of Resistance to Bt Maize By Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)." Journal of Economic Entomology, vol. 109, no. 1, 2016, pp. 1-12.
Andow DA, Pueppke SG, Schaafsma AW, et al. Early Detection and Mitigation of Resistance to Bt Maize by Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). J Econ Entomol. 2016;109(1):1-12.
Andow, D. A., Pueppke, S. G., Schaafsma, A. W., Gassmann, A. J., Sappington, T. W., Meinke, L. J., Mitchell, P. D., Hurley, T. M., Hellmich, R. L., & Porter, R. P. (2016). Early Detection and Mitigation of Resistance to Bt Maize by Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 109(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tov238
Andow DA, et al. Early Detection and Mitigation of Resistance to Bt Maize By Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). J Econ Entomol. 2016;109(1):1-12. PubMed PMID: 26362989.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Early Detection and Mitigation of Resistance to Bt Maize by Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). AU - Andow,David A, AU - Pueppke,Steven G, AU - Schaafsma,Arthur W, AU - Gassmann,Aaron J, AU - Sappington,Thomas W, AU - Meinke,Lance J, AU - Mitchell,Paul D, AU - Hurley,Terrance M, AU - Hellmich,Richard L, AU - Porter,R Pat, Y1 - 2015/09/11/ PY - 2015/04/28/received PY - 2015/07/17/accepted PY - 2015/9/13/entrez PY - 2015/9/13/pubmed PY - 2016/4/20/medline KW - Bt resistance KW - Diabrotica virgifera virgifera KW - insect resistance management KW - integrated pest management KW - western corn rootworm SP - 1 EP - 12 JF - Journal of economic entomology JO - J Econ Entomol VL - 109 IS - 1 N2 - Transgenic Bt maize that produces less than a high-dose has been widely adopted and presents considerable insect resistance management (IRM) challenges. Western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, has rapidly evolved resistance to Bt maize in the field, leading to local loss of efficacy for some corn rootworm Bt maize events. Documenting and responding to this resistance has been complicated by a lack of rapid diagnostic bioassays and by regulatory triggers that hinder timely and effective management responses. These failures are of great concern to the scientific and agricultural community. Specific challenges posed by western corn rootworm resistance to Bt maize, and more general concerns around Bt crops that produce less than a high-dose of Bt toxin, have caused uncertainty around current IRM protocols. More than 15 years of experience with IRM has shown that high-dose and refuge-based IRM is not applicable to Bt crops that produce less than a high-dose. Adaptive IRM approaches and pro-active, integrated IRM-pest management strategies are needed and should be in place before release of new technologies that produce less than a high-dose. We suggest changes in IRM strategies to preserve the utility of corn rootworm Bt maize by 1) targeting local resistance management earlier in the sequence of responses to resistance and 2) developing area-wide criteria to address widespread economic losses. We also favor consideration of policies and programs to counteract economic forces that are contributing to rapid resistance evolution. SN - 0022-0493 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/26362989/Early_Detection_and_Mitigation_of_Resistance_to_Bt_Maize_by_Western_Corn_Rootworm__Coleoptera:_Chrysomelidae__ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -