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Folic acid deficiency impairs the gill health status associated with the NF-κB, MLCK and Nrf2 signaling pathways in the gills of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2015 Nov; 47(1):289-301.FS

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary folic acid on fish growth, the immune and barrier functions of fish gills, and the potential mechanisms of these effects. Young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were fed diets containing graded levels of folic acid at 0.10 (basal diet), 0.47, 1.03, 1.48, 1.88 and 3.12 mg kg(-1) diet for 8 weeks. The results showed that acid phosphatase and lysozyme activities and the complement component 3 content in fish gills decreased with folic acid deficiency (P < 0.05). Folic acid deficiency up-regulated liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 1, interleukin 1β, interleukin 8, tumor necrosis factor α, nuclear factor κB p65, IκB kinase α (IKK-α), IKK-β and IKK-γ gene expression. Folic acid deficiency down-regulated interleukin 10, transforming growth factor β, IκB and target of rapamycin gene expression in fish gills (P < 0.05). These results showed that limited folic acid decreased fish gill immune status. Furthermore, folic acid deficiency down-regulated claudin-b, claudin-c, claudin-3, occludin and zonula occludens 1 gene expression, whereas folic acid deficiency up-regulated claudin-12, claudin-15, myosin light chain kinase and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase gene expression in fish gills (P < 0.05). These results suggested that folic acid deficiency disrupted tight junction-mediated fish gill barrier function. Additionally, folic acid deficiency increased the content of reactive oxygen species, protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde (MDA); Mn superoxide dismutase activity and gene expression; and Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1a (Keap1a) and Keap1b gene expression (P < 0.05). Conversely, folic acid deficiency decreased Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione s-transferases and glutathione reductase activities and gene expression as well as NF-E2-related factor 2 gene expression in fish gills (P < 0.05). All of these results indicated that folic acid deficiency impaired fish gill health status via regulating gene expression of cytokines, tight junction proteins, antioxidant enzymes, NF-κB p65, MLCK and Nrf2. Based on percent weight gain, LZ activity and MDA content in the gills, the dietary folic acid requirements for young grass carp were 1.60, 2.07 and 2.08 mg kg(-1), respectively.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Shi L
Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
Feng L
Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
Jiang WD
Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
Liu Y
Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
Jiang J
Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
Wu P
Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
Zhao J
Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
Kuang SY
Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China.
Tang L
Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China.
Tang WN
Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China.
Zhang YA
Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
Zhou XQ
Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China. Electronic address: xqzhouqq@tom.com.

MeSH

Animal FeedAnimalsAntioxidantsCarpsDietDietary SupplementsFish DiseasesFish ProteinsFolic AcidFolic Acid DeficiencyGene Expression RegulationGillsHealth StatusImmunity, InnateMyosin-Light-Chain KinaseNF-E2-Related Factor 2NF-kappa BSignal TransductionTight Junction Proteins

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

26381932

Citation

Shi, Lei, et al. "Folic Acid Deficiency Impairs the Gill Health Status Associated With the NF-κB, MLCK and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways in the Gills of Young Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon Idella)." Fish & Shellfish Immunology, vol. 47, no. 1, 2015, pp. 289-301.
Shi L, Feng L, Jiang WD, et al. Folic acid deficiency impairs the gill health status associated with the NF-κB, MLCK and Nrf2 signaling pathways in the gills of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2015;47(1):289-301.
Shi, L., Feng, L., Jiang, W. D., Liu, Y., Jiang, J., Wu, P., Zhao, J., Kuang, S. Y., Tang, L., Tang, W. N., Zhang, Y. A., & Zhou, X. Q. (2015). Folic acid deficiency impairs the gill health status associated with the NF-κB, MLCK and Nrf2 signaling pathways in the gills of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 47(1), 289-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2015.09.023
Shi L, et al. Folic Acid Deficiency Impairs the Gill Health Status Associated With the NF-κB, MLCK and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways in the Gills of Young Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon Idella). Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2015;47(1):289-301. PubMed PMID: 26381932.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Folic acid deficiency impairs the gill health status associated with the NF-κB, MLCK and Nrf2 signaling pathways in the gills of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). AU - Shi,Lei, AU - Feng,Lin, AU - Jiang,Wei-Dan, AU - Liu,Yang, AU - Jiang,Jun, AU - Wu,Pei, AU - Zhao,Juan, AU - Kuang,Sheng-Yao, AU - Tang,Ling, AU - Tang,Wu-Neng, AU - Zhang,Yong-An, AU - Zhou,Xiao-Qiu, Y1 - 2015/09/14/ PY - 2015/04/17/received PY - 2015/09/11/revised PY - 2015/09/11/accepted PY - 2015/9/19/entrez PY - 2015/9/19/pubmed PY - 2016/8/18/medline KW - Barrier function KW - Folic acid KW - Gills KW - Grass carp KW - Immune function SP - 289 EP - 301 JF - Fish & shellfish immunology JO - Fish Shellfish Immunol VL - 47 IS - 1 N2 - The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary folic acid on fish growth, the immune and barrier functions of fish gills, and the potential mechanisms of these effects. Young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were fed diets containing graded levels of folic acid at 0.10 (basal diet), 0.47, 1.03, 1.48, 1.88 and 3.12 mg kg(-1) diet for 8 weeks. The results showed that acid phosphatase and lysozyme activities and the complement component 3 content in fish gills decreased with folic acid deficiency (P < 0.05). Folic acid deficiency up-regulated liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 1, interleukin 1β, interleukin 8, tumor necrosis factor α, nuclear factor κB p65, IκB kinase α (IKK-α), IKK-β and IKK-γ gene expression. Folic acid deficiency down-regulated interleukin 10, transforming growth factor β, IκB and target of rapamycin gene expression in fish gills (P < 0.05). These results showed that limited folic acid decreased fish gill immune status. Furthermore, folic acid deficiency down-regulated claudin-b, claudin-c, claudin-3, occludin and zonula occludens 1 gene expression, whereas folic acid deficiency up-regulated claudin-12, claudin-15, myosin light chain kinase and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase gene expression in fish gills (P < 0.05). These results suggested that folic acid deficiency disrupted tight junction-mediated fish gill barrier function. Additionally, folic acid deficiency increased the content of reactive oxygen species, protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde (MDA); Mn superoxide dismutase activity and gene expression; and Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1a (Keap1a) and Keap1b gene expression (P < 0.05). Conversely, folic acid deficiency decreased Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione s-transferases and glutathione reductase activities and gene expression as well as NF-E2-related factor 2 gene expression in fish gills (P < 0.05). All of these results indicated that folic acid deficiency impaired fish gill health status via regulating gene expression of cytokines, tight junction proteins, antioxidant enzymes, NF-κB p65, MLCK and Nrf2. Based on percent weight gain, LZ activity and MDA content in the gills, the dietary folic acid requirements for young grass carp were 1.60, 2.07 and 2.08 mg kg(-1), respectively. SN - 1095-9947 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/26381932/Folic_acid_deficiency_impairs_the_gill_health_status_associated_with_the_NF_κB_MLCK_and_Nrf2_signaling_pathways_in_the_gills_of_young_grass_carp__Ctenopharyngodon_idella__ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -
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