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Effects of sulfate on microcystin production, photosynthesis, and oxidative stress in Microcystis aeruginosa.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016 Feb; 23(4):3586-95.ES

Abstract

Increasing sulfate in freshwater systems, caused by human activities and climate change, may have negative effects on aquatic organisms. Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) is both a major primary producer and a common toxic cyanobacterium, playing an important role in the aquatic environment. This study first investigated the effects of sulfate on M. aeruginosa. The experiment presented here aims at analyzing the effects of sulfate on physiological indices, molecular levels, and its influencing mechanism. The results of our experiment showed that sulfate (at 40, 80, and 300 mg L(-1)) inhibited M. aeruginosa growth, increased both intracellular and extracellular toxin contents, and enhanced the mcyD transcript level. Sulfate inhibited the photosynthesis of M. aeruginosa, based on the decrease in pigment content and the down-regulation of photosynthesis-related genes after sulfate exposure. Furthermore, sulfate decreased the maximum electron transport rate, causing the cell to accumulate surplus electrons and form reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sulfate also increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, which showed that sulfate damaged the cytomembrane. This damage contributed to the release of intracellular toxin to the culture medium. Although sulfate increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, expression of sod, and total antioxidant capacity in M. aeruginosa, it still overwhelmed the antioxidant system since the ROS level simultaneously increased, and finally caused oxidative stress. Our results indicate that sulfate has direct effects on M. aeruginosa, inhibits photosynthesis, causes oxidative stress, increases toxin production, and affects the related genes expression in M. aeruginosa.

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Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Chen L
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
Gin KY
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 2, E1A-07-03, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.
He Y
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China. ylhe@sjtu.edu.cn.

MeSH

AntioxidantsClimate ChangeDown-RegulationElectron TransportFresh WaterGene ExpressionMalondialdehydeMicrocystinsMicrocystisOxidative StressPhotosynthesisReactive Oxygen SpeciesSulfatesWater Pollutants, Chemical

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

26490939

Citation

Chen, Lei, et al. "Effects of Sulfate On Microcystin Production, Photosynthesis, and Oxidative Stress in Microcystis Aeruginosa." Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, vol. 23, no. 4, 2016, pp. 3586-95.
Chen L, Gin KY, He Y. Effects of sulfate on microcystin production, photosynthesis, and oxidative stress in Microcystis aeruginosa. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016;23(4):3586-95.
Chen, L., Gin, K. Y., & He, Y. (2016). Effects of sulfate on microcystin production, photosynthesis, and oxidative stress in Microcystis aeruginosa. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 23(4), 3586-95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5605-1
Chen L, Gin KY, He Y. Effects of Sulfate On Microcystin Production, Photosynthesis, and Oxidative Stress in Microcystis Aeruginosa. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016;23(4):3586-95. PubMed PMID: 26490939.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of sulfate on microcystin production, photosynthesis, and oxidative stress in Microcystis aeruginosa. AU - Chen,Lei, AU - Gin,Karina Y H, AU - He,Yiliang, Y1 - 2015/10/21/ PY - 2015/06/10/received PY - 2015/10/12/accepted PY - 2015/10/23/entrez PY - 2015/10/23/pubmed PY - 2016/10/12/medline KW - Gene expression KW - Microcystis aeruginosa KW - Physiological level KW - Sulfate SP - 3586 EP - 95 JF - Environmental science and pollution research international JO - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int VL - 23 IS - 4 N2 - Increasing sulfate in freshwater systems, caused by human activities and climate change, may have negative effects on aquatic organisms. Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) is both a major primary producer and a common toxic cyanobacterium, playing an important role in the aquatic environment. This study first investigated the effects of sulfate on M. aeruginosa. The experiment presented here aims at analyzing the effects of sulfate on physiological indices, molecular levels, and its influencing mechanism. The results of our experiment showed that sulfate (at 40, 80, and 300 mg L(-1)) inhibited M. aeruginosa growth, increased both intracellular and extracellular toxin contents, and enhanced the mcyD transcript level. Sulfate inhibited the photosynthesis of M. aeruginosa, based on the decrease in pigment content and the down-regulation of photosynthesis-related genes after sulfate exposure. Furthermore, sulfate decreased the maximum electron transport rate, causing the cell to accumulate surplus electrons and form reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sulfate also increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, which showed that sulfate damaged the cytomembrane. This damage contributed to the release of intracellular toxin to the culture medium. Although sulfate increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, expression of sod, and total antioxidant capacity in M. aeruginosa, it still overwhelmed the antioxidant system since the ROS level simultaneously increased, and finally caused oxidative stress. Our results indicate that sulfate has direct effects on M. aeruginosa, inhibits photosynthesis, causes oxidative stress, increases toxin production, and affects the related genes expression in M. aeruginosa. SN - 1614-7499 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/26490939/Effects_of_sulfate_on_microcystin_production_photosynthesis_and_oxidative_stress_in_Microcystis_aeruginosa_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -