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Secondary contact and local adaptation contribute to genome-wide patterns of clinal variation in Drosophila melanogaster.
Mol Ecol. 2016 03; 25(5):1157-74.ME

Abstract

Populations arrayed along broad latitudinal gradients often show patterns of clinal variation in phenotype and genotype. Such population differentiation can be generated and maintained by both historical demographic events and local adaptation. These evolutionary forces are not mutually exclusive and can in some cases produce nearly identical patterns of genetic differentiation among populations. Here, we investigate the evolutionary forces that generated and maintain clinal variation genome-wide among populations of Drosophila melanogaster sampled in North America and Australia. We contrast patterns of clinal variation in these continents with patterns of differentiation among ancestral European and African populations. Using established and novel methods we derive here, we show that recently derived North America and Australia populations were likely founded by both European and African lineages and that this hybridization event likely contributed to genome-wide patterns of parallel clinal variation between continents. The pervasive effects of admixture mean that differentiation at only several hundred loci can be attributed to the operation of spatially varying selection using an FST outlier approach. Our results provide novel insight into the well-studied system of clinal differentiation in D. melanogaster and provide a context for future studies seeking to identify loci contributing to local adaptation in a wide variety of organisms, including other invasive species as well as temperate endemics.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Bergland AO
Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5020, USA.
Tobler R
Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5020, USA. Institut für Populationsgenetik, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna, A-1210, Austria.
González J
Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5020, USA. Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 0800, 3 Barcelona, Spain.
Schmidt P
Department of Biology, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Petrov D
Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5020, USA.

MeSH

Adaptation, PhysiologicalAnimalsAustraliaDrosophila melanogasterEvolution, MolecularGene FrequencyGenetics, PopulationGenome, InsectNorth AmericaPolymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Language

eng

PubMed ID

26547394

Citation

Bergland, Alan O., et al. "Secondary Contact and Local Adaptation Contribute to Genome-wide Patterns of Clinal Variation in Drosophila Melanogaster." Molecular Ecology, vol. 25, no. 5, 2016, pp. 1157-74.
Bergland AO, Tobler R, González J, et al. Secondary contact and local adaptation contribute to genome-wide patterns of clinal variation in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Ecol. 2016;25(5):1157-74.
Bergland, A. O., Tobler, R., González, J., Schmidt, P., & Petrov, D. (2016). Secondary contact and local adaptation contribute to genome-wide patterns of clinal variation in Drosophila melanogaster. Molecular Ecology, 25(5), 1157-74. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.13455
Bergland AO, et al. Secondary Contact and Local Adaptation Contribute to Genome-wide Patterns of Clinal Variation in Drosophila Melanogaster. Mol Ecol. 2016;25(5):1157-74. PubMed PMID: 26547394.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Secondary contact and local adaptation contribute to genome-wide patterns of clinal variation in Drosophila melanogaster. AU - Bergland,Alan O, AU - Tobler,Ray, AU - González,Josefa, AU - Schmidt,Paul, AU - Petrov,Dmitri, Y1 - 2016/01/18/ PY - 2014/12/19/received PY - 2015/10/29/revised PY - 2015/11/02/accepted PY - 2017/03/01/pmc-release PY - 2015/11/9/entrez PY - 2015/11/9/pubmed PY - 2016/7/30/medline KW - Drosophila melanogaster KW - adaptation KW - latitudinal clines KW - parallelism KW - secondary contact SP - 1157 EP - 74 JF - Molecular ecology JO - Mol Ecol VL - 25 IS - 5 N2 - Populations arrayed along broad latitudinal gradients often show patterns of clinal variation in phenotype and genotype. Such population differentiation can be generated and maintained by both historical demographic events and local adaptation. These evolutionary forces are not mutually exclusive and can in some cases produce nearly identical patterns of genetic differentiation among populations. Here, we investigate the evolutionary forces that generated and maintain clinal variation genome-wide among populations of Drosophila melanogaster sampled in North America and Australia. We contrast patterns of clinal variation in these continents with patterns of differentiation among ancestral European and African populations. Using established and novel methods we derive here, we show that recently derived North America and Australia populations were likely founded by both European and African lineages and that this hybridization event likely contributed to genome-wide patterns of parallel clinal variation between continents. The pervasive effects of admixture mean that differentiation at only several hundred loci can be attributed to the operation of spatially varying selection using an FST outlier approach. Our results provide novel insight into the well-studied system of clinal differentiation in D. melanogaster and provide a context for future studies seeking to identify loci contributing to local adaptation in a wide variety of organisms, including other invasive species as well as temperate endemics. SN - 1365-294X UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/26547394/Secondary_contact_and_local_adaptation_contribute_to_genome_wide_patterns_of_clinal_variation_in_Drosophila_melanogaster_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -