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Krill oil reduces plasma triacylglycerol level and improves related lipoprotein particle concentration, fatty acid composition and redox status in healthy young adults - a pilot study.
Lipids Health Dis. 2015 Dec 15; 14:163.LH

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Lipid abnormalities, enhanced inflammation and oxidative stress seem to represent a vicious circle in atherogenesis, and therapeutic options directed against these processes seems like a reasonable approach in the management of atherosclerotic disorders. Krill oil (RIMFROST Sublime®) is a phospholipid-rich oil with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA): docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ratio of 1.8:1. In this pilot study we determined if krill oil could favourable affect plasma lipid parameters and parameters involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis.

METHODS

The study was conducted as a 28 days intervention study examining effect-parameters of dietary supplementation with krill oil (832.5 mg EPA and DHA per day). 17 healthy volunteers in the age group 18-36 (mean age 23 ± 4 years) participated. Plasma lipids, lipoprotein particle sizes, fatty acid composition in plasma and red blood cells (RBCs), plasma cytokines, antioxidant capacity, acylcarntines, carnitine, choline, betaine, and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) were measured before and after supplementation.

RESULTS

Plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) and large very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) & chylomicron particle concentrations decreased after 28 days of krill oil intake. A significant reduction in the TAG/HDL cholesterol resulted. Krill oil supplementation decreased n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio both in plasma and RBCs. This was due to increased EPA, DHA and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and reduced amount of arachidonic acid (AA). The increase of n-3 fatty acids and wt % of EPA and DHA in RBC was of smaller magnitude than found in plasma. Krill oil intake increased the antioxidant capacity, double bond index (DBI) and the fatty acid anti-inflammatory index. The plasma atherogenicity index remained constant whereas the thrombogenicity index decreased. Plasma choline, betaine and the carnitine precursor, γ-butyrobetaine were increased after krill oil supplementation whereas the TMAO and carnitine concentrations remained unchanged.

CONCLUSION

Krill oil consumption is considered health beneficial as it decreases cardiovascular disease risk parameters through effects on plasma TAGs, lipoprotein particles, fatty acid profile, redox status and possible inflammation. Noteworthy, no adverse effects on plasma levels of TMAO and carnitine were found.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Berge RK
Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020, Bergen, Norway. rolf.berge@uib.no. Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021, Bergen, Norway. rolf.berge@uib.no.
Ramsvik MS
Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020, Bergen, Norway. marie.ramsvik@olympic.no. Rimfrost AS, N-6099, Fosnavaag, Norway. marie.ramsvik@olympic.no.
Bohov P
Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020, Bergen, Norway. pavol.bohov@uib.no.
Svardal A
Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020, Bergen, Norway. asbjorn.svardal@uib.no.
Nordrehaug JE
Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020, Bergen, Norway. jan.nordrehaug@uib.no.
Rostrup E
Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021, Bergen, Norway. espen.rostrup@helse-bergen.no.
Bruheim I
Rimfrost AS, N-6099, Fosnavaag, Norway. inge.bruheim@olympic.no.
Bjørndal B
Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020, Bergen, Norway. bodil.bjorndal@uib.no.

MeSH

AdolescentAdultAnimalsAtherosclerosisBetaineCarnitineCholineChylomicronsCytokinesDietary Fats, UnsaturatedDocosahexaenoic AcidsEicosapentaenoic AcidErythrocytesEuphausiaceaFatty Acids, UnsaturatedFemaleHumansLipoproteins, VLDLMaleMethylaminesParticle SizePilot ProjectsTriglycerides

Pub Type(s)

Clinical Trial
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

26666303

Citation

Berge, Rolf K., et al. "Krill Oil Reduces Plasma Triacylglycerol Level and Improves Related Lipoprotein Particle Concentration, Fatty Acid Composition and Redox Status in Healthy Young Adults - a Pilot Study." Lipids in Health and Disease, vol. 14, 2015, p. 163.
Berge RK, Ramsvik MS, Bohov P, et al. Krill oil reduces plasma triacylglycerol level and improves related lipoprotein particle concentration, fatty acid composition and redox status in healthy young adults - a pilot study. Lipids Health Dis. 2015;14:163.
Berge, R. K., Ramsvik, M. S., Bohov, P., Svardal, A., Nordrehaug, J. E., Rostrup, E., Bruheim, I., & Bjørndal, B. (2015). Krill oil reduces plasma triacylglycerol level and improves related lipoprotein particle concentration, fatty acid composition and redox status in healthy young adults - a pilot study. Lipids in Health and Disease, 14, 163. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-015-0162-7
Berge RK, et al. Krill Oil Reduces Plasma Triacylglycerol Level and Improves Related Lipoprotein Particle Concentration, Fatty Acid Composition and Redox Status in Healthy Young Adults - a Pilot Study. Lipids Health Dis. 2015 Dec 15;14:163. PubMed PMID: 26666303.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Krill oil reduces plasma triacylglycerol level and improves related lipoprotein particle concentration, fatty acid composition and redox status in healthy young adults - a pilot study. AU - Berge,Rolf K, AU - Ramsvik,Marie S, AU - Bohov,Pavol, AU - Svardal,Asbjørn, AU - Nordrehaug,Jan E, AU - Rostrup,Espen, AU - Bruheim,Inge, AU - Bjørndal,Bodil, Y1 - 2015/12/15/ PY - 2015/11/04/received PY - 2015/11/28/accepted PY - 2015/12/16/entrez PY - 2015/12/17/pubmed PY - 2016/7/2/medline SP - 163 EP - 163 JF - Lipids in health and disease JO - Lipids Health Dis VL - 14 N2 - BACKGROUND: Lipid abnormalities, enhanced inflammation and oxidative stress seem to represent a vicious circle in atherogenesis, and therapeutic options directed against these processes seems like a reasonable approach in the management of atherosclerotic disorders. Krill oil (RIMFROST Sublime®) is a phospholipid-rich oil with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA): docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ratio of 1.8:1. In this pilot study we determined if krill oil could favourable affect plasma lipid parameters and parameters involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. METHODS: The study was conducted as a 28 days intervention study examining effect-parameters of dietary supplementation with krill oil (832.5 mg EPA and DHA per day). 17 healthy volunteers in the age group 18-36 (mean age 23 ± 4 years) participated. Plasma lipids, lipoprotein particle sizes, fatty acid composition in plasma and red blood cells (RBCs), plasma cytokines, antioxidant capacity, acylcarntines, carnitine, choline, betaine, and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) were measured before and after supplementation. RESULTS: Plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) and large very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) & chylomicron particle concentrations decreased after 28 days of krill oil intake. A significant reduction in the TAG/HDL cholesterol resulted. Krill oil supplementation decreased n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio both in plasma and RBCs. This was due to increased EPA, DHA and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and reduced amount of arachidonic acid (AA). The increase of n-3 fatty acids and wt % of EPA and DHA in RBC was of smaller magnitude than found in plasma. Krill oil intake increased the antioxidant capacity, double bond index (DBI) and the fatty acid anti-inflammatory index. The plasma atherogenicity index remained constant whereas the thrombogenicity index decreased. Plasma choline, betaine and the carnitine precursor, γ-butyrobetaine were increased after krill oil supplementation whereas the TMAO and carnitine concentrations remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: Krill oil consumption is considered health beneficial as it decreases cardiovascular disease risk parameters through effects on plasma TAGs, lipoprotein particles, fatty acid profile, redox status and possible inflammation. Noteworthy, no adverse effects on plasma levels of TMAO and carnitine were found. SN - 1476-511X UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/26666303/Krill_oil_reduces_plasma_triacylglycerol_level_and_improves_related_lipoprotein_particle_concentration_fatty_acid_composition_and_redox_status_in_healthy_young_adults___a_pilot_study_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -