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Chronotype, Light Exposure, Sleep, and Daytime Functioning in High School Students Attending Morning or Afternoon School Shifts: An Actigraphic Study.
J Biol Rhythms. 2016 Apr; 31(2):205-17.JB

Abstract

Adolescent maturation is associated with delays of the endogenous circadian phase. Consequently, early school schedules may lead to a mismatch between internal and external time, which can be detrimental to adolescent sleep and health. In parallel, chronotype is known to play a role in adolescent health; evening chronotype adolescents are at higher risk for sleep problems and lower academic achievement. In the summer of 2008, Kénogami High School (Saguenay, Canada) was destroyed by fire. Kénogami students were subsequently relocated to Arvida High School (situated 5.3 km away) for the 2008-2009 academic year. A dual school schedule was implemented, with Arvida students attending a morning schedule (0740-1305 h) and Kénogami students an afternoon schedule (1325-1845 h). This study aimed to investigate the effects of such school schedules and chronotype on sleep, light exposure, and daytime functioning. Twenty-four morning and 33 afternoon schedule students wore an actigraph during 7 days to measure sleep and light exposure. Academic achievement was obtained from school. Subjects completed validated questionnaires on daytime sleepiness, psychological distress, social rhythms, school satisfaction, alcohol, and chronotype. Overall, afternoon schedule students had longer sleep duration, lower sleepiness, and lower light exposure than morning schedule students. Evening chronotypes (E-types) reported higher levels of sleepiness than morning chronotypes (M-types) in both morning and afternoon schedules. Furthermore, M-types attending the morning schedule reported higher sleepiness than M-types attending the afternoon schedule. No difference was found between morning and afternoon schedule students with regard to academic achievement, psychological distress, social rhythms, school satisfaction, and alcohol consumption. However, in both schedules, M-type had more regular social rhythms and lower alcohol consumption. In summary, this study emphasizes that an early school schedule is associated with detrimental effects in terms of sleep deprivation and daytime sleepiness, even for M-types. Furthermore, irrespective of school schedule, E-type adolescents face an increased risk for poor daytime functioning.

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Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Martin JS
Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada Centre de recherche de l'Institut en santé mentale de Québec, Québec, Canada.
Gaudreault MM
ÉCOBES-Recherche et transfert, Cégep de Jonquière, Saguenay, Québec, Canada.
Perron M
Chaire VISAJ, Département des sciences humaines, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Québec, Canada.
Laberge L
ÉCOBES-Recherche et transfert, Cégep de Jonquière, Saguenay, Québec, Canada Département des sciences de la santé, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Québec, Canada luclaberge@cegepjonquiere.ca.

MeSH

ActigraphyAdolescentCircadian RhythmFemaleHumansLightMaleSchoolsSeasonsSleepSleep DeprivationStudentsSurveys and QuestionnairesTime FactorsYoung Adult

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

26825618

Citation

Martin, Jeanne Sophie, et al. "Chronotype, Light Exposure, Sleep, and Daytime Functioning in High School Students Attending Morning or Afternoon School Shifts: an Actigraphic Study." Journal of Biological Rhythms, vol. 31, no. 2, 2016, pp. 205-17.
Martin JS, Gaudreault MM, Perron M, et al. Chronotype, Light Exposure, Sleep, and Daytime Functioning in High School Students Attending Morning or Afternoon School Shifts: An Actigraphic Study. J Biol Rhythms. 2016;31(2):205-17.
Martin, J. S., Gaudreault, M. M., Perron, M., & Laberge, L. (2016). Chronotype, Light Exposure, Sleep, and Daytime Functioning in High School Students Attending Morning or Afternoon School Shifts: An Actigraphic Study. Journal of Biological Rhythms, 31(2), 205-17. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748730415625510
Martin JS, et al. Chronotype, Light Exposure, Sleep, and Daytime Functioning in High School Students Attending Morning or Afternoon School Shifts: an Actigraphic Study. J Biol Rhythms. 2016;31(2):205-17. PubMed PMID: 26825618.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Chronotype, Light Exposure, Sleep, and Daytime Functioning in High School Students Attending Morning or Afternoon School Shifts: An Actigraphic Study. AU - Martin,Jeanne Sophie, AU - Gaudreault,Michael M, AU - Perron,Michel, AU - Laberge,Luc, Y1 - 2016/01/29/ PY - 2016/1/31/entrez PY - 2016/1/31/pubmed PY - 2016/12/15/medline KW - academic performance KW - actigraphy KW - adolescence KW - alcohol KW - chronotype KW - daytime functioning KW - light KW - psychological distress KW - school schedule KW - sleep KW - sleepiness KW - social rhythms SP - 205 EP - 17 JF - Journal of biological rhythms JO - J Biol Rhythms VL - 31 IS - 2 N2 - Adolescent maturation is associated with delays of the endogenous circadian phase. Consequently, early school schedules may lead to a mismatch between internal and external time, which can be detrimental to adolescent sleep and health. In parallel, chronotype is known to play a role in adolescent health; evening chronotype adolescents are at higher risk for sleep problems and lower academic achievement. In the summer of 2008, Kénogami High School (Saguenay, Canada) was destroyed by fire. Kénogami students were subsequently relocated to Arvida High School (situated 5.3 km away) for the 2008-2009 academic year. A dual school schedule was implemented, with Arvida students attending a morning schedule (0740-1305 h) and Kénogami students an afternoon schedule (1325-1845 h). This study aimed to investigate the effects of such school schedules and chronotype on sleep, light exposure, and daytime functioning. Twenty-four morning and 33 afternoon schedule students wore an actigraph during 7 days to measure sleep and light exposure. Academic achievement was obtained from school. Subjects completed validated questionnaires on daytime sleepiness, psychological distress, social rhythms, school satisfaction, alcohol, and chronotype. Overall, afternoon schedule students had longer sleep duration, lower sleepiness, and lower light exposure than morning schedule students. Evening chronotypes (E-types) reported higher levels of sleepiness than morning chronotypes (M-types) in both morning and afternoon schedules. Furthermore, M-types attending the morning schedule reported higher sleepiness than M-types attending the afternoon schedule. No difference was found between morning and afternoon schedule students with regard to academic achievement, psychological distress, social rhythms, school satisfaction, and alcohol consumption. However, in both schedules, M-type had more regular social rhythms and lower alcohol consumption. In summary, this study emphasizes that an early school schedule is associated with detrimental effects in terms of sleep deprivation and daytime sleepiness, even for M-types. Furthermore, irrespective of school schedule, E-type adolescents face an increased risk for poor daytime functioning. SN - 1552-4531 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/26825618/Chronotype_Light_Exposure_Sleep_and_Daytime_Functioning_in_High_School_Students_Attending_Morning_or_Afternoon_School_Shifts:_An_Actigraphic_Study_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -