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Multi-scale finite element modeling of Eustachian tube function: influence of mucosal adhesion.
Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng. 2016 12; 32(12)IJ

Abstract

The inability to open the collapsible Eustachian tube (ET) leads to the development of chronic Otitis Media (OM). Although mucosal inflammation during OM leads to increased mucin gene expression and elevated adhesion forces within the ET lumen, it is not known how changes in mucosal adhesion alter the biomechanical mechanisms of ET function. In this study, we developed a novel multi-scale finite element model of ET function in adults that utilizes adhesion spring elements to simulate changes in mucosal adhesion. Models were created for six adult subjects, and dynamic patterns in muscle contraction were used to simulate the wave-like opening of the ET that occurs during swallowing. Results indicate that ET opening is highly sensitive to the level of mucosal adhesion and that exceeding a critical value of adhesion leads to rapid ET dysfunction. Parameter variation studies and sensitivity analysis indicate that increased mucosal adhesion alters the relative importance of several tissue biomechanical properties. For example, increases in mucosal adhesion reduced the sensitivity of ET function to tensor veli palatini muscle forces but did not alter the insensitivity of ET function to levator veli palatini muscle forces. Interestingly, although changes in cartilage stiffness did not significantly influence ET opening under low adhesion conditions, ET opening was highly sensitive to changes in cartilage stiffness under high adhesion conditions. Therefore, our multi-scale computational models indicate that changes in mucosal adhesion as would occur during inflammatory OM alter the biomechanical mechanisms of ET function. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Malik JE
Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
Swarts JD
Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
Ghadiali SN
Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, USA. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.

MeSH

AdultBiomechanical PhenomenaDeglutitionEustachian TubeFinite Element AnalysisGastric MucinsHumansModels, BiologicalMucous MembraneMuscle ContractionPalatal Muscles

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

Language

eng

PubMed ID

26891171

Citation

Malik, J E., et al. "Multi-scale Finite Element Modeling of Eustachian Tube Function: Influence of Mucosal Adhesion." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering, vol. 32, no. 12, 2016.
Malik JE, Swarts JD, Ghadiali SN. Multi-scale finite element modeling of Eustachian tube function: influence of mucosal adhesion. Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng. 2016;32(12).
Malik, J. E., Swarts, J. D., & Ghadiali, S. N. (2016). Multi-scale finite element modeling of Eustachian tube function: influence of mucosal adhesion. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering, 32(12). https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.2776
Malik JE, Swarts JD, Ghadiali SN. Multi-scale Finite Element Modeling of Eustachian Tube Function: Influence of Mucosal Adhesion. Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng. 2016;32(12) PubMed PMID: 26891171.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Multi-scale finite element modeling of Eustachian tube function: influence of mucosal adhesion. AU - Malik,J E, AU - Swarts,J D, AU - Ghadiali,S N, Y1 - 2016/03/22/ PY - 2015/10/01/received PY - 2015/12/09/revised PY - 2016/02/14/accepted PY - 2016/2/19/pubmed PY - 2017/8/15/medline PY - 2016/2/19/entrez KW - airway opening KW - biomechanics KW - mucus KW - multi-scale modeling KW - tissue mechanics JF - International journal for numerical methods in biomedical engineering JO - Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng VL - 32 IS - 12 N2 - The inability to open the collapsible Eustachian tube (ET) leads to the development of chronic Otitis Media (OM). Although mucosal inflammation during OM leads to increased mucin gene expression and elevated adhesion forces within the ET lumen, it is not known how changes in mucosal adhesion alter the biomechanical mechanisms of ET function. In this study, we developed a novel multi-scale finite element model of ET function in adults that utilizes adhesion spring elements to simulate changes in mucosal adhesion. Models were created for six adult subjects, and dynamic patterns in muscle contraction were used to simulate the wave-like opening of the ET that occurs during swallowing. Results indicate that ET opening is highly sensitive to the level of mucosal adhesion and that exceeding a critical value of adhesion leads to rapid ET dysfunction. Parameter variation studies and sensitivity analysis indicate that increased mucosal adhesion alters the relative importance of several tissue biomechanical properties. For example, increases in mucosal adhesion reduced the sensitivity of ET function to tensor veli palatini muscle forces but did not alter the insensitivity of ET function to levator veli palatini muscle forces. Interestingly, although changes in cartilage stiffness did not significantly influence ET opening under low adhesion conditions, ET opening was highly sensitive to changes in cartilage stiffness under high adhesion conditions. Therefore, our multi-scale computational models indicate that changes in mucosal adhesion as would occur during inflammatory OM alter the biomechanical mechanisms of ET function. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. SN - 2040-7947 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/26891171/Multi_scale_finite_element_modeling_of_Eustachian_tube_function:_influence_of_mucosal_adhesion_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -