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Extinction of fish-shaped marine reptiles associated with reduced evolutionary rates and global environmental volatility.
Nat Commun. 2016 Mar 08; 7:10825.NC

Abstract

Despite their profound adaptations to the aquatic realm and their apparent success throughout the Triassic and the Jurassic, ichthyosaurs became extinct roughly 30 million years before the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. Current hypotheses for this early demise involve relatively minor biotic events, but are at odds with recent understanding of the ichthyosaur fossil record. Here, we show that ichthyosaurs maintained high but diminishing richness and disparity throughout the Early Cretaceous. The last ichthyosaurs are characterized by reduced rates of origination and phenotypic evolution and their elevated extinction rates correlate with increased environmental volatility. In addition, we find that ichthyosaurs suffered from a profound Early Cenomanian extinction that reduced their ecological diversity, likely contributing to their final extinction at the end of the Cenomanian. Our results support a growing body of evidence revealing that global environmental change resulted in a major, temporally staggered turnover event that profoundly reorganized marine ecosystems during the Cenomanian.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Fischer V
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3AN Oxford, UK. Department of Geology, University of Liège, 14 Allée du 6 Ao슩t, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
Bardet N
Département Histoire de la Terre, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CR2P CNRS-MNHN-UPMC Paris 6, CP 38, 8 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France.
Benson RB
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3AN Oxford, UK.
Arkhangelsky MS
Faculty of Ecology, Saratov State Technical University, Politekhnicheskaya St 77, 410054 Saratov, Russia. Faculty of Ecology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya St 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia.
Friedman M
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3AN Oxford, UK.

MeSH

AnimalsAquatic OrganismsBiodiversityBiological EvolutionEcosystemFossilsPhylogenyReptiles

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

26953824

Citation

Fischer, Valentin, et al. "Extinction of Fish-shaped Marine Reptiles Associated With Reduced Evolutionary Rates and Global Environmental Volatility." Nature Communications, vol. 7, 2016, p. 10825.
Fischer V, Bardet N, Benson RB, et al. Extinction of fish-shaped marine reptiles associated with reduced evolutionary rates and global environmental volatility. Nat Commun. 2016;7:10825.
Fischer, V., Bardet, N., Benson, R. B., Arkhangelsky, M. S., & Friedman, M. (2016). Extinction of fish-shaped marine reptiles associated with reduced evolutionary rates and global environmental volatility. Nature Communications, 7, 10825. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10825
Fischer V, et al. Extinction of Fish-shaped Marine Reptiles Associated With Reduced Evolutionary Rates and Global Environmental Volatility. Nat Commun. 2016 Mar 8;7:10825. PubMed PMID: 26953824.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Extinction of fish-shaped marine reptiles associated with reduced evolutionary rates and global environmental volatility. AU - Fischer,Valentin, AU - Bardet,Nathalie, AU - Benson,Roger B J, AU - Arkhangelsky,Maxim S, AU - Friedman,Matt, Y1 - 2016/03/08/ PY - 2015/08/12/received PY - 2016/01/22/accepted PY - 2016/3/9/entrez PY - 2016/3/10/pubmed PY - 2016/9/22/medline SP - 10825 EP - 10825 JF - Nature communications JO - Nat Commun VL - 7 N2 - Despite their profound adaptations to the aquatic realm and their apparent success throughout the Triassic and the Jurassic, ichthyosaurs became extinct roughly 30 million years before the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. Current hypotheses for this early demise involve relatively minor biotic events, but are at odds with recent understanding of the ichthyosaur fossil record. Here, we show that ichthyosaurs maintained high but diminishing richness and disparity throughout the Early Cretaceous. The last ichthyosaurs are characterized by reduced rates of origination and phenotypic evolution and their elevated extinction rates correlate with increased environmental volatility. In addition, we find that ichthyosaurs suffered from a profound Early Cenomanian extinction that reduced their ecological diversity, likely contributing to their final extinction at the end of the Cenomanian. Our results support a growing body of evidence revealing that global environmental change resulted in a major, temporally staggered turnover event that profoundly reorganized marine ecosystems during the Cenomanian. SN - 2041-1723 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/26953824/Extinction_of_fish_shaped_marine_reptiles_associated_with_reduced_evolutionary_rates_and_global_environmental_volatility_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -