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Contamination of commonly consumed raw vegetables with soil transmitted helminth eggs in Mazandaran province, northern Iran.
Int J Food Microbiol. 2016 May 16; 225:54-8.IJ

Abstract

Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are responsible for significant burden of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Consumption of raw vegetables without proper washing is one of the major routes of such infections. We evaluate the prevalence of STH contamination in commonly used vegetables in Mazandaran province, northern Iran. A total of 772 fresh raw vegetables were obtained from retail markets. Each sample was divided into two groups. One group was used as the unwashed sample and the second group was washed with standard washing procedures. Then, samples were examined for helminth eggs by using standard methods. Data analysis was performed using SPSS20. The overall prevalence of STHs was 14.89% (115/772). The rate of STH contamination was significantly higher in warm seasons (20.5%, 79/386) than in cold seasons (9.32%, 36/386) among the unwashed vegetables (OR=2.50; CI 95%=1.64-3.8; P<0.001). No parasites were observed in standard washed samples (OR=271.40; CI 95%=16.84-4373.64; P<0.001). Prevalence of STH contamination was significantly higher in leafy vegetables than root vegetables (OR=1.67; CI 95%=1.09-2.55; P<0.05). The prevalence of STHs species in all the vegetables were as follows: Ascaris lumbricoides (3.36%), Trichuris trichiura (2.2%), hookworms (2.9%), Toxocara spp. (1.68%), Trichostrongylus spp. (1.55), Taenia sp. (0.9%) and Hymenolepis nana (2.2%). The results of the present study emphasized that vegetables are potential risk factor for transmission of helminth infection to human in northern Iran. It is necessary that health authorities trained the consumers to proper and standard washing of vegetables before consumption.

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Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Rostami A
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ebrahimi M
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: mebrahimi198463@gmail.com.
Mehravar S
Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Tehran university of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
Fallah Omrani V
Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Fallahi S
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
Behniafar H
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

MeSH

AnimalsFood ContaminationFood ParasitologyHelminthiasisHelminthsHumansIranPrevalenceRisk FactorsSeasonsSoilVegetables

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

26999768

Citation

Rostami, Ali, et al. "Contamination of Commonly Consumed Raw Vegetables With Soil Transmitted Helminth Eggs in Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran." International Journal of Food Microbiology, vol. 225, 2016, pp. 54-8.
Rostami A, Ebrahimi M, Mehravar S, et al. Contamination of commonly consumed raw vegetables with soil transmitted helminth eggs in Mazandaran province, northern Iran. Int J Food Microbiol. 2016;225:54-8.
Rostami, A., Ebrahimi, M., Mehravar, S., Fallah Omrani, V., Fallahi, S., & Behniafar, H. (2016). Contamination of commonly consumed raw vegetables with soil transmitted helminth eggs in Mazandaran province, northern Iran. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 225, 54-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.03.013
Rostami A, et al. Contamination of Commonly Consumed Raw Vegetables With Soil Transmitted Helminth Eggs in Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran. Int J Food Microbiol. 2016 May 16;225:54-8. PubMed PMID: 26999768.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Contamination of commonly consumed raw vegetables with soil transmitted helminth eggs in Mazandaran province, northern Iran. AU - Rostami,Ali, AU - Ebrahimi,Maryam, AU - Mehravar,Saeed, AU - Fallah Omrani,Vahid, AU - Fallahi,Shirzad, AU - Behniafar,Hamed, Y1 - 2016/03/15/ PY - 2015/11/06/received PY - 2016/03/09/revised PY - 2016/03/13/accepted PY - 2016/3/22/entrez PY - 2016/3/22/pubmed PY - 2016/8/17/medline KW - Contamination KW - Northern Iran KW - Soil-transmitted helminths KW - Vegetables SP - 54 EP - 8 JF - International journal of food microbiology JO - Int J Food Microbiol VL - 225 N2 - Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are responsible for significant burden of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Consumption of raw vegetables without proper washing is one of the major routes of such infections. We evaluate the prevalence of STH contamination in commonly used vegetables in Mazandaran province, northern Iran. A total of 772 fresh raw vegetables were obtained from retail markets. Each sample was divided into two groups. One group was used as the unwashed sample and the second group was washed with standard washing procedures. Then, samples were examined for helminth eggs by using standard methods. Data analysis was performed using SPSS20. The overall prevalence of STHs was 14.89% (115/772). The rate of STH contamination was significantly higher in warm seasons (20.5%, 79/386) than in cold seasons (9.32%, 36/386) among the unwashed vegetables (OR=2.50; CI 95%=1.64-3.8; P<0.001). No parasites were observed in standard washed samples (OR=271.40; CI 95%=16.84-4373.64; P<0.001). Prevalence of STH contamination was significantly higher in leafy vegetables than root vegetables (OR=1.67; CI 95%=1.09-2.55; P<0.05). The prevalence of STHs species in all the vegetables were as follows: Ascaris lumbricoides (3.36%), Trichuris trichiura (2.2%), hookworms (2.9%), Toxocara spp. (1.68%), Trichostrongylus spp. (1.55), Taenia sp. (0.9%) and Hymenolepis nana (2.2%). The results of the present study emphasized that vegetables are potential risk factor for transmission of helminth infection to human in northern Iran. It is necessary that health authorities trained the consumers to proper and standard washing of vegetables before consumption. SN - 1879-3460 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/26999768/Contamination_of_commonly_consumed_raw_vegetables_with_soil_transmitted_helminth_eggs_in_Mazandaran_province_northern_Iran_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -