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Neutralizing Antibody Responses to Antigenically Drifted Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses among Children and Adolescents following 2014-2015 Inactivated and Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccination.
Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2016 Oct; 23(10):831-839.CV

Abstract

Human influenza A(H3N2) viruses that predominated during the moderately severe 2014-2015 influenza season differed antigenically from the vaccine component, resulting in reduced vaccine effectiveness (VE). To examine antibody responses to 2014-2015 inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) and live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) among children and adolescents, we collected sera before and after vaccination from 150 children aged 3 to 17 years enrolled at health care facilities. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays were used to assess the antibody responses to vaccine strains. We evaluated cross-reactive antibody responses against two representative A(H3N2) viruses that had antigenically drifted from the A(H3N2) vaccine component using microneutralization (MN) assays. Postvaccination antibody titers to drifted A(H3N2) viruses were higher following receipt of IIV (MN geometric mean titers [GMTs], 63 to 68; 38 to 45% achieved seroconversion) versus LAIV (MN GMT, 22; only 3 to 5% achieved seroconversion). In 9- to 17-year-olds, the highest MN titers were observed among IIV-vaccinated individuals who had received LAIV in the previous season. Among all IIV recipients aged 3 to 17 years, the strongest predictor of antibody responses to the drifted viruses was the prevaccination titers to the vaccine strain. The results of our study suggest that in an antigenically drifted influenza season, vaccination still induced cross-reactive antibody responses to drifted circulating A(H3N2) viruses, although higher antibody titers may be required for protection. Antibody responses to drifted A(H3N2) viruses following vaccination were influenced by multiple factors, including vaccine type and preexisting immunity from prior exposure.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Levine MZ
Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA mwl2@cdc.gov.
Martin JM
Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Gross FL
Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Battelle, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Jefferson S
Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Cole KS
Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Archibald CA
Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Nowalk MP
Department of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Susick M
Department of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Moehling K
Department of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Spencer S
Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Chung JR
Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Flannery B
Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Zimmerman RK
Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA Department of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

MeSH

AdolescentAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralAntigenic VariationAntigens, ViralChildChild, PreschoolCross ReactionsFemaleHemagglutination Inhibition TestsHumansInfluenza A Virus, H3N2 SubtypeInfluenza B virusInfluenza VaccinesInfluenza, HumanMaleSeasonsVaccines, AttenuatedVaccines, Inactivated

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Observational Study

Language

eng

PubMed ID

27558294

Citation

Levine, Min Z., et al. "Neutralizing Antibody Responses to Antigenically Drifted Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses Among Children and Adolescents Following 2014-2015 Inactivated and Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccination." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology : CVI, vol. 23, no. 10, 2016, pp. 831-839.
Levine MZ, Martin JM, Gross FL, et al. Neutralizing Antibody Responses to Antigenically Drifted Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses among Children and Adolescents following 2014-2015 Inactivated and Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccination. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2016;23(10):831-839.
Levine, M. Z., Martin, J. M., Gross, F. L., Jefferson, S., Cole, K. S., Archibald, C. A., Nowalk, M. P., Susick, M., Moehling, K., Spencer, S., Chung, J. R., Flannery, B., & Zimmerman, R. K. (2016). Neutralizing Antibody Responses to Antigenically Drifted Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses among Children and Adolescents following 2014-2015 Inactivated and Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccination. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology : CVI, 23(10), 831-839.
Levine MZ, et al. Neutralizing Antibody Responses to Antigenically Drifted Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses Among Children and Adolescents Following 2014-2015 Inactivated and Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccination. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2016;23(10):831-839. PubMed PMID: 27558294.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Neutralizing Antibody Responses to Antigenically Drifted Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses among Children and Adolescents following 2014-2015 Inactivated and Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccination. AU - Levine,Min Z, AU - Martin,Judith M, AU - Gross,F Liaini, AU - Jefferson,Stacie, AU - Cole,Kelly Stefano, AU - Archibald,Crystal Ann, AU - Nowalk,Mary Patricia, AU - Susick,Michael, AU - Moehling,Krissy, AU - Spencer,Sarah, AU - Chung,Jessie R, AU - Flannery,Brendan, AU - Zimmerman,Richard K, Y1 - 2016/10/04/ PY - 2016/06/13/received PY - 2016/08/16/accepted PY - 2016/8/26/pubmed PY - 2017/9/8/medline PY - 2016/8/26/entrez SP - 831 EP - 839 JF - Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI JO - Clin Vaccine Immunol VL - 23 IS - 10 N2 - Human influenza A(H3N2) viruses that predominated during the moderately severe 2014-2015 influenza season differed antigenically from the vaccine component, resulting in reduced vaccine effectiveness (VE). To examine antibody responses to 2014-2015 inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) and live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) among children and adolescents, we collected sera before and after vaccination from 150 children aged 3 to 17 years enrolled at health care facilities. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays were used to assess the antibody responses to vaccine strains. We evaluated cross-reactive antibody responses against two representative A(H3N2) viruses that had antigenically drifted from the A(H3N2) vaccine component using microneutralization (MN) assays. Postvaccination antibody titers to drifted A(H3N2) viruses were higher following receipt of IIV (MN geometric mean titers [GMTs], 63 to 68; 38 to 45% achieved seroconversion) versus LAIV (MN GMT, 22; only 3 to 5% achieved seroconversion). In 9- to 17-year-olds, the highest MN titers were observed among IIV-vaccinated individuals who had received LAIV in the previous season. Among all IIV recipients aged 3 to 17 years, the strongest predictor of antibody responses to the drifted viruses was the prevaccination titers to the vaccine strain. The results of our study suggest that in an antigenically drifted influenza season, vaccination still induced cross-reactive antibody responses to drifted circulating A(H3N2) viruses, although higher antibody titers may be required for protection. Antibody responses to drifted A(H3N2) viruses following vaccination were influenced by multiple factors, including vaccine type and preexisting immunity from prior exposure. SN - 1556-679X UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/27558294/Neutralizing_Antibody_Responses_to_Antigenically_Drifted_Influenza_A_H3N2__Viruses_among_Children_and_Adolescents_following_2014_2015_Inactivated_and_Live_Attenuated_Influenza_Vaccination_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -