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Sphingolipid-Enriched Extracellular Vesicles and Alzheimer's Disease: A Decade of Research.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2017; 60(3):757-768.JA

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, have emerged in the last 10 years as a new player in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with high potential for being useful as a diagnostic and treatment tool. Exosomes and other EVs are enriched with the sphingolipid ceramide as well as other more complex glycosphingolipids such as gangliosides. At least a subpopulation of exosomes requires neutral sphingomyelinase activity for their biogenesis and secretion. As ceramide is often elevated in AD, exosome secretion may be affected as well. Here, we review the available data showing that exosomes regulate the aggregation and clearance of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and discuss the differences in data from laboratories regarding Aβ binding, induction of aggregation, and glial clearance. We also summarize available data on the role of exosomes in extracellular tau propagation, AD-related exosomal mRNA/miRNA cargo, and the use of exosomes as biomarker and gene therapy vehicles for diagnosis and potential treatment.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Dinkins MB
Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, The Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
Wang G
Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, The Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
Bieberich E
Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, The Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.

MeSH

Alzheimer DiseaseAmyloid beta-PeptidesAnimalsExtracellular VesiclesHumansSphingolipids

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Review

Language

eng

PubMed ID

27662306

Citation

Dinkins, Michael B., et al. "Sphingolipid-Enriched Extracellular Vesicles and Alzheimer's Disease: a Decade of Research." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD, vol. 60, no. 3, 2017, pp. 757-768.
Dinkins MB, Wang G, Bieberich E. Sphingolipid-Enriched Extracellular Vesicles and Alzheimer's Disease: A Decade of Research. J Alzheimers Dis. 2017;60(3):757-768.
Dinkins, M. B., Wang, G., & Bieberich, E. (2017). Sphingolipid-Enriched Extracellular Vesicles and Alzheimer's Disease: A Decade of Research. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD, 60(3), 757-768. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-160567
Dinkins MB, Wang G, Bieberich E. Sphingolipid-Enriched Extracellular Vesicles and Alzheimer's Disease: a Decade of Research. J Alzheimers Dis. 2017;60(3):757-768. PubMed PMID: 27662306.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Sphingolipid-Enriched Extracellular Vesicles and Alzheimer's Disease: A Decade of Research. AU - Dinkins,Michael B, AU - Wang,Guanghu, AU - Bieberich,Erhard, PY - 2016/9/24/pubmed PY - 2018/5/31/medline PY - 2016/9/24/entrez KW - Alzheimer’s disease KW - amyloid KW - biomarker KW - ceramide KW - exosome KW - miRNA KW - sphingomyelinase KW - tau KW - vesicle SP - 757 EP - 768 JF - Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD JO - J Alzheimers Dis VL - 60 IS - 3 N2 - Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, have emerged in the last 10 years as a new player in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with high potential for being useful as a diagnostic and treatment tool. Exosomes and other EVs are enriched with the sphingolipid ceramide as well as other more complex glycosphingolipids such as gangliosides. At least a subpopulation of exosomes requires neutral sphingomyelinase activity for their biogenesis and secretion. As ceramide is often elevated in AD, exosome secretion may be affected as well. Here, we review the available data showing that exosomes regulate the aggregation and clearance of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and discuss the differences in data from laboratories regarding Aβ binding, induction of aggregation, and glial clearance. We also summarize available data on the role of exosomes in extracellular tau propagation, AD-related exosomal mRNA/miRNA cargo, and the use of exosomes as biomarker and gene therapy vehicles for diagnosis and potential treatment. SN - 1875-8908 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/27662306/Sphingolipid_Enriched_Extracellular_Vesicles_and_Alzheimer's_Disease:_A_Decade_of_Research_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -