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Obesity and type 2 diabetes in sub-Saharan Africans - Is the burden in today's Africa similar to African migrants in Europe? The RODAM study.
BMC Med. 2016 10 21; 14(1):166.BM

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Rising rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are impending major threats to the health of African populations, but the extent to which they differ between rural and urban settings in Africa and upon migration to Europe is unknown. We assessed the burden of obesity and T2D among Ghanaians living in rural and urban Ghana and Ghanaian migrants living in different European countries.

METHODS

A multi-centre cross-sectional study was conducted among Ghanaian adults (n = 5659) aged 25-70 years residing in rural and urban Ghana and three European cities (Amsterdam, London and Berlin). Comparisons between groups were made using prevalence ratios (PRs) with adjustments for age and education.

RESULTS

In rural Ghana, the prevalence of obesity was 1.3 % in men and 8.3 % in women. The prevalence was considerably higher in urban Ghana (men, 6.9 %; PR: 5.26, 95 % CI, 2.04-13.57; women, 33.9 %; PR: 4.11, 3.13-5.40) and even more so in Europe, especially in London (men, 21.4 %; PR: 15.04, 5.98-37.84; women, 54.2 %; PR: 6.63, 5.04-8.72). The prevalence of T2D was low at 3.6 % and 5.5 % in rural Ghanaian men and women, and increased in urban Ghanaians (men, 10.3 %; PR: 3.06; 1.73-5.40; women, 9.2 %; PR: 1.81, 1.25-2.64) and highest in Berlin (men, 15.3 %; PR: 4.47; 2.50-7.98; women, 10.2 %; PR: 2.21, 1.30-3.75). Impaired fasting glycaemia prevalence was comparatively higher only in Amsterdam, and in London, men compared with rural Ghana.

CONCLUSION

Our study shows high risks of obesity and T2D among sub-Saharan African populations living in Europe. In Ghana, similarly high prevalence rates were seen in an urban environment, whereas in rural areas, the prevalence of obesity among women is already remarkable. Similar processes underlying the high burden of obesity and T2D following migration may also be at play in sub-Saharan Africa as a consequence of urbanisation.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Agyemang C
Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. c.o.agyemang@amc.uva.nl.
Meeks K
Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Beune E
Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Owusu-Dabo E
School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Mockenhaupt FP
Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
Addo J
Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
de Graft Aikins A
Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 96, Legon, Ghana.
Bahendeka S
MKPGMS-Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala, Uganda.
Danquah I
Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
Schulze MB
Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
Spranger J
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin; Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Burr T
Source BioScience, Nottingham, UK.
Agyei-Baffour P
School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Amoah SK
Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany. ResearchGate, Invalidenstrasse 115, D-10115, Berlin, Germany.
Galbete C
Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
Henneman P
Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Klipstein-Grobusch K
Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Nicolaou M
Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Adeyemo A
Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, MSC 5635, Bethesda, MD, USA.
van Straalen J
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Smeeth L
Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Stronks K
Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

MeSH

AdultAfrica South of the SaharaAgedBlack PeopleCross-Sectional StudiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2EuropeFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedObesityPrevalenceTransients and Migrants

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Multicenter Study

Language

eng

PubMed ID

27769239

Citation

Agyemang, Charles, et al. "Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in sub-Saharan Africans - Is the Burden in Today's Africa Similar to African Migrants in Europe? the RODAM Study." BMC Medicine, vol. 14, no. 1, 2016, p. 166.
Agyemang C, Meeks K, Beune E, et al. Obesity and type 2 diabetes in sub-Saharan Africans - Is the burden in today's Africa similar to African migrants in Europe? The RODAM study. BMC Med. 2016;14(1):166.
Agyemang, C., Meeks, K., Beune, E., Owusu-Dabo, E., Mockenhaupt, F. P., Addo, J., de Graft Aikins, A., Bahendeka, S., Danquah, I., Schulze, M. B., Spranger, J., Burr, T., Agyei-Baffour, P., Amoah, S. K., Galbete, C., Henneman, P., Klipstein-Grobusch, K., Nicolaou, M., Adeyemo, A., ... Stronks, K. (2016). Obesity and type 2 diabetes in sub-Saharan Africans - Is the burden in today's Africa similar to African migrants in Europe? The RODAM study. BMC Medicine, 14(1), 166.
Agyemang C, et al. Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in sub-Saharan Africans - Is the Burden in Today's Africa Similar to African Migrants in Europe? the RODAM Study. BMC Med. 2016 10 21;14(1):166. PubMed PMID: 27769239.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Obesity and type 2 diabetes in sub-Saharan Africans - Is the burden in today's Africa similar to African migrants in Europe? The RODAM study. AU - Agyemang,Charles, AU - Meeks,Karlijn, AU - Beune,Erik, AU - Owusu-Dabo,Ellis, AU - Mockenhaupt,Frank P, AU - Addo,Juliet, AU - de Graft Aikins,Ama, AU - Bahendeka,Silver, AU - Danquah,Ina, AU - Schulze,Matthias B, AU - Spranger,Joachim, AU - Burr,Tom, AU - Agyei-Baffour,Peter, AU - Amoah,Stephen K, AU - Galbete,Cecilia, AU - Henneman,Peter, AU - Klipstein-Grobusch,Kerstin, AU - Nicolaou,Mary, AU - Adeyemo,Adebowale, AU - van Straalen,Jan, AU - Smeeth,Liam, AU - Stronks,Karien, Y1 - 2016/10/21/ PY - 2016/07/12/received PY - 2016/10/01/accepted PY - 2016/10/23/pubmed PY - 2017/7/14/medline PY - 2016/10/23/entrez KW - Ethnic minority groups KW - Europe KW - Migrants KW - Obesity KW - Sub-Saharan Africa KW - Type 2 diabetes SP - 166 EP - 166 JF - BMC medicine JO - BMC Med VL - 14 IS - 1 N2 - BACKGROUND: Rising rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are impending major threats to the health of African populations, but the extent to which they differ between rural and urban settings in Africa and upon migration to Europe is unknown. We assessed the burden of obesity and T2D among Ghanaians living in rural and urban Ghana and Ghanaian migrants living in different European countries. METHODS: A multi-centre cross-sectional study was conducted among Ghanaian adults (n = 5659) aged 25-70 years residing in rural and urban Ghana and three European cities (Amsterdam, London and Berlin). Comparisons between groups were made using prevalence ratios (PRs) with adjustments for age and education. RESULTS: In rural Ghana, the prevalence of obesity was 1.3 % in men and 8.3 % in women. The prevalence was considerably higher in urban Ghana (men, 6.9 %; PR: 5.26, 95 % CI, 2.04-13.57; women, 33.9 %; PR: 4.11, 3.13-5.40) and even more so in Europe, especially in London (men, 21.4 %; PR: 15.04, 5.98-37.84; women, 54.2 %; PR: 6.63, 5.04-8.72). The prevalence of T2D was low at 3.6 % and 5.5 % in rural Ghanaian men and women, and increased in urban Ghanaians (men, 10.3 %; PR: 3.06; 1.73-5.40; women, 9.2 %; PR: 1.81, 1.25-2.64) and highest in Berlin (men, 15.3 %; PR: 4.47; 2.50-7.98; women, 10.2 %; PR: 2.21, 1.30-3.75). Impaired fasting glycaemia prevalence was comparatively higher only in Amsterdam, and in London, men compared with rural Ghana. CONCLUSION: Our study shows high risks of obesity and T2D among sub-Saharan African populations living in Europe. In Ghana, similarly high prevalence rates were seen in an urban environment, whereas in rural areas, the prevalence of obesity among women is already remarkable. Similar processes underlying the high burden of obesity and T2D following migration may also be at play in sub-Saharan Africa as a consequence of urbanisation. SN - 1741-7015 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/27769239/Obesity_and_type_2_diabetes_in_sub_Saharan_Africans___Is_the_burden_in_today's_Africa_similar_to_African_migrants_in_Europe_The_RODAM_study_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -
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