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Chronic toxicity effects of ZnSO4 and ZnO nanoparticles in Daphnia magna.
Environ Res. 2017 Jan; 152:128-140.ER

Abstract

The chronic toxicity of ZnSO4 and ZnO nanoparticles has been studied in Daphnia magna also considering the life cycle parameters beyond the standard 21-day exposure time. Specimens have been individually followed until the natural end of their life, and some of them sampled for microscopic analyses at 48h, 9 and 21 days. Despite the low level of exposure (0.3mg Zn/L), ultrastructural analyses of the midgut epithelial cells revealed efficient internalization of nanoparticles between 48h and 9d, and translocation to other tissues as well. At 21d, the most affected fields have been recorded for both compounds; in particular samples exposed to ZnO nanoparticles showed swelling of mitochondria, while those exposed to ZnSO4 had a great number of autophagy vacuoles. The life cycle parameters resulted altered as well, with a significant inhibition of reproduction in both groups, when compared to controls. After the 21-day exposure, some interesting results were obtained: animals, previously exposed to nanoZnO at low concentrations, showed a complete recovery of the full reproduction potential, while those previously exposed to ZnSO4 presented a dose-dependent and compound-specific reduction in lifespan. Based on the results from the present research and the effects of the same chemicals at higher doses, it can be concluded that the soluble form plays a key role in ZnO nanoparticle cytotoxicity, and that the nanoparticulate form is able to locally increase the amount of Zn inside the cell, even within the ovary. It's worth noting that ZnO nanoparticles have been internalized despite the very low concentration used: this raises concern about the possible environmental implications which may derive from their use, and which in turn must be carefully considered.

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Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Bacchetta R
Department of Life Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria, 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Electronic address: renato.bacchetta@unimi.it.
Santo N
Department of Life Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria, 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
Marelli M
CNR-ISTM - Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Via C. Golgi, 19, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
Nosengo G
Department of Life Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria, 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
Tremolada P
Department of Life Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria, 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy.

MeSH

AnimalsDaphniaGastrointestinal TractMetal NanoparticlesMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningMicroscopy, Electron, TransmissionReproductionToxicity Tests, ChronicZinc OxideZinc Sulfate

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

27771567

Citation

Bacchetta, Renato, et al. "Chronic Toxicity Effects of ZnSO4 and ZnO Nanoparticles in Daphnia Magna." Environmental Research, vol. 152, 2017, pp. 128-140.
Bacchetta R, Santo N, Marelli M, et al. Chronic toxicity effects of ZnSO4 and ZnO nanoparticles in Daphnia magna. Environ Res. 2017;152:128-140.
Bacchetta, R., Santo, N., Marelli, M., Nosengo, G., & Tremolada, P. (2017). Chronic toxicity effects of ZnSO4 and ZnO nanoparticles in Daphnia magna. Environmental Research, 152, 128-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2016.10.006
Bacchetta R, et al. Chronic Toxicity Effects of ZnSO4 and ZnO Nanoparticles in Daphnia Magna. Environ Res. 2017;152:128-140. PubMed PMID: 27771567.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Chronic toxicity effects of ZnSO4 and ZnO nanoparticles in Daphnia magna. AU - Bacchetta,Renato, AU - Santo,Nadia, AU - Marelli,Marcello, AU - Nosengo,Greta, AU - Tremolada,Paolo, Y1 - 2016/10/20/ PY - 2016/07/13/received PY - 2016/10/06/revised PY - 2016/10/10/accepted PY - 2016/10/25/pubmed PY - 2017/5/6/medline PY - 2016/10/25/entrez KW - Daphnia magna KW - Ionic Zinc KW - TEM KW - Toxicity KW - Zinc oxide SP - 128 EP - 140 JF - Environmental research JO - Environ Res VL - 152 N2 - The chronic toxicity of ZnSO4 and ZnO nanoparticles has been studied in Daphnia magna also considering the life cycle parameters beyond the standard 21-day exposure time. Specimens have been individually followed until the natural end of their life, and some of them sampled for microscopic analyses at 48h, 9 and 21 days. Despite the low level of exposure (0.3mg Zn/L), ultrastructural analyses of the midgut epithelial cells revealed efficient internalization of nanoparticles between 48h and 9d, and translocation to other tissues as well. At 21d, the most affected fields have been recorded for both compounds; in particular samples exposed to ZnO nanoparticles showed swelling of mitochondria, while those exposed to ZnSO4 had a great number of autophagy vacuoles. The life cycle parameters resulted altered as well, with a significant inhibition of reproduction in both groups, when compared to controls. After the 21-day exposure, some interesting results were obtained: animals, previously exposed to nanoZnO at low concentrations, showed a complete recovery of the full reproduction potential, while those previously exposed to ZnSO4 presented a dose-dependent and compound-specific reduction in lifespan. Based on the results from the present research and the effects of the same chemicals at higher doses, it can be concluded that the soluble form plays a key role in ZnO nanoparticle cytotoxicity, and that the nanoparticulate form is able to locally increase the amount of Zn inside the cell, even within the ovary. It's worth noting that ZnO nanoparticles have been internalized despite the very low concentration used: this raises concern about the possible environmental implications which may derive from their use, and which in turn must be carefully considered. SN - 1096-0953 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/27771567/Chronic_toxicity_effects_of_ZnSO4_and_ZnO_nanoparticles_in_Daphnia_magna_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -