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Lyme borreliosis.
Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016 12 15; 2:16090.NR

Abstract

Lyme borreliosis is a tick-borne disease that predominantly occurs in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere and is primarily caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi in North America and Borrelia afzelii or Borrelia garinii in Europe and Asia. Infection usually begins with an expanding skin lesion, known as erythema migrans (referred to as stage 1), which, if untreated, can be followed by early disseminated infection, particularly neurological abnormalities (stage 2), and by late infection, especially arthritis in North America or acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans in Europe (stage 3). However, the disease can present with any of these manifestations. During infection, the bacteria migrate through the host tissues, adhere to certain cells and can evade immune clearance. Yet, these organisms are eventually killed by both innate and adaptive immune responses and most inflammatory manifestations of the infection resolve. Except for patients with erythema migrans, Lyme borreliosis is diagnosed based on a characteristic clinical constellation of signs and symptoms with serological confirmation of infection. All manifestations of the infection can usually be treated with appropriate antibiotic regimens, but the disease can be followed by post-infectious sequelae in some patients. Prevention of Lyme borreliosis primarily involves the avoidance of tick bites by personal protective measures.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Steere AC
Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Strle F
Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Wormser GP
Division of Infectious Diseases, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA.
Hu LT
Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Branda JA
Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Hovius JW
Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Li X
Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Mead PS
Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.

MeSH

AmoxicillinAnimalsAnti-Bacterial AgentsBorrelia burgdorferiBorrelia burgdorferi GroupCefuroximeDoxycyclineExanthemaHumansIxodesLyme DiseaseLyme NeuroborreliosisRisk FactorsZoonosesbeta-Lactams

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Review

Language

eng

PubMed ID

27976670

Citation

Steere, Allen C., et al. "Lyme Borreliosis." Nature Reviews. Disease Primers, vol. 2, 2016, p. 16090.
Steere AC, Strle F, Wormser GP, et al. Lyme borreliosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016;2:16090.
Steere, A. C., Strle, F., Wormser, G. P., Hu, L. T., Branda, J. A., Hovius, J. W., Li, X., & Mead, P. S. (2016). Lyme borreliosis. Nature Reviews. Disease Primers, 2, 16090. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2016.90
Steere AC, et al. Lyme Borreliosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016 12 15;2:16090. PubMed PMID: 27976670.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Lyme borreliosis. AU - Steere,Allen C, AU - Strle,Franc, AU - Wormser,Gary P, AU - Hu,Linden T, AU - Branda,John A, AU - Hovius,Joppe W R, AU - Li,Xin, AU - Mead,Paul S, Y1 - 2016/12/15/ PY - 2016/12/16/entrez PY - 2016/12/16/pubmed PY - 2018/3/21/medline SP - 16090 EP - 16090 JF - Nature reviews. Disease primers JO - Nat Rev Dis Primers VL - 2 N2 - Lyme borreliosis is a tick-borne disease that predominantly occurs in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere and is primarily caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi in North America and Borrelia afzelii or Borrelia garinii in Europe and Asia. Infection usually begins with an expanding skin lesion, known as erythema migrans (referred to as stage 1), which, if untreated, can be followed by early disseminated infection, particularly neurological abnormalities (stage 2), and by late infection, especially arthritis in North America or acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans in Europe (stage 3). However, the disease can present with any of these manifestations. During infection, the bacteria migrate through the host tissues, adhere to certain cells and can evade immune clearance. Yet, these organisms are eventually killed by both innate and adaptive immune responses and most inflammatory manifestations of the infection resolve. Except for patients with erythema migrans, Lyme borreliosis is diagnosed based on a characteristic clinical constellation of signs and symptoms with serological confirmation of infection. All manifestations of the infection can usually be treated with appropriate antibiotic regimens, but the disease can be followed by post-infectious sequelae in some patients. Prevention of Lyme borreliosis primarily involves the avoidance of tick bites by personal protective measures. SN - 2056-676X UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/27976670/full_citation DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -