TY - JOUR T1 - Exploiting fruit byproducts for eco-friendly nanosynthesis: Citrus × clementina peel extract mediated fabrication of silver nanoparticles with high efficacy against microbial pathogens and rat glial tumor C6 cells. AU - Saratale,Rijuta Ganesh, AU - Shin,Han-Seung, AU - Kumar,Gopalakrishnan, AU - Benelli,Giovanni, AU - Ghodake,Gajanan S, AU - Jiang,Yuan Yuan, AU - Kim,Dong Su, AU - Saratale,Ganesh Dattatraya, Y1 - 2017/03/17/ PY - 2017/01/11/received PY - 2017/02/28/accepted PY - 2017/3/18/pubmed PY - 2019/3/21/medline PY - 2017/3/18/entrez KW - ABTS and DPPH free radical scavenging activity KW - Antimicrobial activity KW - Green synthesis KW - HR-TEM KW - In vitro cytotoxicity KW - Orange peel extract SP - 10250 EP - 10263 JF - Environmental science and pollution research international JO - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int VL - 25 IS - 11 N2 - Process byproducts from the fruit industry may represent a cheap and reliable source of green reducing agents to be used in current bio-nanosynthesis. This study reports the use of orange (Citrus × clementina) peel aqueous extract (OPE) for one-pot green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with high effectiveness against various microbial pathogens as well as rat glial tumor C6 cells. The effects of various operational parameters on the synthesis of AgNPs were systematically investigated. The morphology, particle size, and properties of synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy shows that the nanoparticles are mostly spherical in shape and monodispersed, with an average particle size of 15-20 nm. Notably, the OPE-synthesized AgNPs were stable up to 6 months without change in their properties. Low doses of OPE-AgNPs inhibited the growth of human pathogens Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of AgNPs against selected pathogenic bacteria were determined. OPE-AgNPs exhibited strong antioxidant activity in terms of ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical scavenging (IC50 49.6 μg/mL) and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging (IC50 63.4 μg/mL). OPE-AgNPs showed dose-dependent response against rat glial tumor C6 cells (LD50 60 μg/mL) showing a promising potential as anticancer agents. Overall, the current investigation highlighted a cheap green technology route to synthesize AgNPs using OPE byproducts and could potentially be utilized in biomedical, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industry. SN - 1614-7499 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/28303540/Exploiting_fruit_byproducts_for_eco_friendly_nanosynthesis:_Citrus_×_clementina_peel_extract_mediated_fabrication_of_silver_nanoparticles_with_high_efficacy_against_microbial_pathogens_and_rat_glial_tumor_C6_cells_ L2 - https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8724-z DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -