TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of lead in the soil invertebrate Enchytraeus crypticus. AU - Zhang,Lulu, AU - Van Gestel,Cornelis A M, Y1 - 2017/03/17/ PY - 2016/10/24/received PY - 2017/02/17/revised PY - 2017/02/19/accepted PY - 2017/3/21/pubmed PY - 2017/8/5/medline PY - 2017/3/21/entrez KW - Enchytraeus crypticus KW - Lead KW - Toxicodynamics KW - Toxicokinetics SP - 534 EP - 541 JF - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) JO - Environ Pollut VL - 225 N2 - The aim of the present study was to link Pb toxicokinetics to toxicodynamics in Enchytraeus crypticus. The enchytraeids were exposed for 14 d to different Pb concentrations (uptake phase) in natural Lufa 2.2 soil, followed by a 14-d elimination phase in clean soil. Pb accumulation and enchytraeid mortality were determined at different time intervals. At each exposure concentration, internal Pb concentration increased with exposure time and achieved equilibrium in approximately 7 d. Median lethal concentration (LC50) based on total Pb concentration in soil decreased with exposure time, but did not reach a steady-state level. Pb toxicity, therefore, showed a delay compared to accumulation in E. crypticus. LC50s based on internal Pb concentrations in the surviving animals did reach steady state in approx.14 d, suggesting that linking toxicokinetics to toxicodynamics may reduce the effects of time. This study highlighted that exposure time, as an important factor in metal uptake and toxicity, should be taken into account in ecotoxicological tests for risk assessment. SN - 1873-6424 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/28318791/Toxicokinetics_and_toxicodynamics_of_lead_in_the_soil_invertebrate_Enchytraeus_crypticus_ L2 - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0269-7491(16)31916-9 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -