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No Serologic Evidence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection Among Camel Farmers Exposed to Highly Seropositive Camel Herds: A Household Linked Study, Kenya, 2013.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2017 Jun; 96(6):1318-1324.AJ

Abstract

AbstractHigh seroprevalence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) among camels has been reported in Kenya and other countries in Africa. To date, the only report of MERS-CoV seropositivity among humans in Kenya is of two livestock keepers with no known contact with camels. We assessed whether persons exposed to seropositive camels at household level had serological evidence of infection. In 2013, 760 human and 879 camel sera were collected from 275 and 85 households respectively in Marsabit County. Data on human and animal demographics and type of contact with camels were collected. Human and camel sera were tested for anti-MERS-CoV IgG using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. Human samples were confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with seropositivity. The median age of persons sampled was 30 years (range: 5-90) and 50% were males. A quarter (197/760) of the participants reported having had contact with camels defined as milking, feeding, watering, slaughtering, or herding. Of the human sera, 18 (2.4%) were positive on ELISA but negative by PRNT. Of the camel sera, 791 (90%) were positive on ELISA. On univariate analysis, higher prevalence was observed in female and older camels over 4 years of age (P < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, only age remained significantly associated with increased odds of seropositivity. Despite high seroprevalence among camels, there was no serological confirmation of MERS-CoV infection among camel pastoralists in Marsabit County. The high seropositivity suggests that MERS-CoV or other closely related virus continues to circulate in camels and highlights ongoing potential for animal-to-human transmission.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Munyua P
Global Disease Detection Program, Division of Global Health Protection, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya.
Corman VM
Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany. German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany.
Bitek A
State Department of Veterinary Services; Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries, Nairobi, Kenya.
Osoro E
Department of Preventive and Promotive Health, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya.
Meyer B
Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany.
Müller MA
Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany.
Lattwein E
EUROIMMUN AG, Lübeck, Germany.
Thumbi SM
Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington. Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Murithi R
State Department of Veterinary Services; Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries, Nairobi, Kenya.
Widdowson MA
Global Disease Detection Program, Division of Global Health Protection, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya.
Drosten C
German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany. Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany.
Njenga MK
Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington. Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.

MeSH

AdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAnimalsAntibodies, ViralCamelusChildChild, PreschoolCoronavirus InfectionsCross-Sectional StudiesDisease ReservoirsFarmersFemaleHumansImmunoglobulin GKenyaMaleMiddle AgedMiddle East Respiratory Syndrome CoronavirusPrevalenceSeroepidemiologic StudiesYoung Adult

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

28719257

Citation

Munyua, Peninah, et al. "No Serologic Evidence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection Among Camel Farmers Exposed to Highly Seropositive Camel Herds: a Household Linked Study, Kenya, 2013." The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, vol. 96, no. 6, 2017, pp. 1318-1324.
Munyua P, Corman VM, Bitek A, et al. No Serologic Evidence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection Among Camel Farmers Exposed to Highly Seropositive Camel Herds: A Household Linked Study, Kenya, 2013. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2017;96(6):1318-1324.
Munyua, P., Corman, V. M., Bitek, A., Osoro, E., Meyer, B., Müller, M. A., Lattwein, E., Thumbi, S. M., Murithi, R., Widdowson, M. A., Drosten, C., & Njenga, M. K. (2017). No Serologic Evidence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection Among Camel Farmers Exposed to Highly Seropositive Camel Herds: A Household Linked Study, Kenya, 2013. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 96(6), 1318-1324. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.16-0880
Munyua P, et al. No Serologic Evidence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection Among Camel Farmers Exposed to Highly Seropositive Camel Herds: a Household Linked Study, Kenya, 2013. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2017;96(6):1318-1324. PubMed PMID: 28719257.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - No Serologic Evidence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection Among Camel Farmers Exposed to Highly Seropositive Camel Herds: A Household Linked Study, Kenya, 2013. AU - Munyua,Peninah, AU - Corman,Victor Max, AU - Bitek,Austine, AU - Osoro,Eric, AU - Meyer,Benjamin, AU - Müller,Marcel A, AU - Lattwein,Erik, AU - Thumbi,S M, AU - Murithi,Rees, AU - Widdowson,Marc-Alain, AU - Drosten,Christian, AU - Njenga,M Kariuki, PY - 2017/7/19/entrez PY - 2017/7/19/pubmed PY - 2017/8/24/medline SP - 1318 EP - 1324 JF - The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene JO - Am J Trop Med Hyg VL - 96 IS - 6 N2 - AbstractHigh seroprevalence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) among camels has been reported in Kenya and other countries in Africa. To date, the only report of MERS-CoV seropositivity among humans in Kenya is of two livestock keepers with no known contact with camels. We assessed whether persons exposed to seropositive camels at household level had serological evidence of infection. In 2013, 760 human and 879 camel sera were collected from 275 and 85 households respectively in Marsabit County. Data on human and animal demographics and type of contact with camels were collected. Human and camel sera were tested for anti-MERS-CoV IgG using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. Human samples were confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with seropositivity. The median age of persons sampled was 30 years (range: 5-90) and 50% were males. A quarter (197/760) of the participants reported having had contact with camels defined as milking, feeding, watering, slaughtering, or herding. Of the human sera, 18 (2.4%) were positive on ELISA but negative by PRNT. Of the camel sera, 791 (90%) were positive on ELISA. On univariate analysis, higher prevalence was observed in female and older camels over 4 years of age (P < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, only age remained significantly associated with increased odds of seropositivity. Despite high seroprevalence among camels, there was no serological confirmation of MERS-CoV infection among camel pastoralists in Marsabit County. The high seropositivity suggests that MERS-CoV or other closely related virus continues to circulate in camels and highlights ongoing potential for animal-to-human transmission. SN - 1476-1645 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/28719257/No_Serologic_Evidence_of_Middle_East_Respiratory_Syndrome_Coronavirus_Infection_Among_Camel_Farmers_Exposed_to_Highly_Seropositive_Camel_Herds:_A_Household_Linked_Study_Kenya_2013_ L2 - https://ajtmh.org/doi/10.4269/ajtmh.16-0880 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -