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Linkage between human population and trace elements in soils of the Pearl River Delta: Implications for source identification and risk assessment.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Jan 01; 610-611:944-950.ST

Abstract

The human population is both an emitter and receptor of metals. This study aims to clarify how the relationship of metals and metalloids to human populations influences their source characterization and health risk, based on metal concentrations in 298 soil samples in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) and the corresponding zip-code level population. Nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb), but not chromium (Cr) and arsenic (As), were significantly correlated with population (p<0.01), suggesting potential anthropogenic sources. A principal component analysis (PCA) revealed three factors (i.e., F1, F2, and F3) contributing to metal levels in the PRD: (1) metal transport from rivers (F1), which explained the high levels of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Cd in downstream areas; (2) industrial sources (F2), mainly contributing to Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, and Pb; and (3) natural and agricultural sources (F3), mainly contributing to As and Pb. F2 was significantly correlated with population, while F3 was not, indicating that an analysis of the correlation with population could be used to identify industrial sources of metals. Compared with directly calculated risks, the population-weighted non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were increased by 4.2-4.9% and 7.7-9.2%, respectively. A unit increase in the concentration of industrial metals led to higher extra risks than a corresponding increase in natural metals due to the proximity to human populations.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Lin Y
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
Ma J
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China. Electronic address: majin@craes.org.cn.
Zhang Z
School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
Zhu Y
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
Hou H
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Zhao L
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Sun Z
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Xue W
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Shi H
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China. Electronic address: shihd@craes.org.cn.

MeSH

ChinaEnvironmental MonitoringHumansMetals, HeavyPopulation DensityRisk AssessmentRiversSoilSoil PollutantsTrace Elements

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

28830054

Citation

Lin, Yan, et al. "Linkage Between Human Population and Trace Elements in Soils of the Pearl River Delta: Implications for Source Identification and Risk Assessment." The Science of the Total Environment, vol. 610-611, 2018, pp. 944-950.
Lin Y, Ma J, Zhang Z, et al. Linkage between human population and trace elements in soils of the Pearl River Delta: Implications for source identification and risk assessment. Sci Total Environ. 2018;610-611:944-950.
Lin, Y., Ma, J., Zhang, Z., Zhu, Y., Hou, H., Zhao, L., Sun, Z., Xue, W., & Shi, H. (2018). Linkage between human population and trace elements in soils of the Pearl River Delta: Implications for source identification and risk assessment. The Science of the Total Environment, 610-611, 944-950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.147
Lin Y, et al. Linkage Between Human Population and Trace Elements in Soils of the Pearl River Delta: Implications for Source Identification and Risk Assessment. Sci Total Environ. 2018 Jan 1;610-611:944-950. PubMed PMID: 28830054.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Linkage between human population and trace elements in soils of the Pearl River Delta: Implications for source identification and risk assessment. AU - Lin,Yan, AU - Ma,Jin, AU - Zhang,Zhengdong, AU - Zhu,Yifang, AU - Hou,Hong, AU - Zhao,Long, AU - Sun,Zaijin, AU - Xue,Wenjuan, AU - Shi,Huading, Y1 - 2017/08/19/ PY - 2017/04/15/received PY - 2017/08/06/revised PY - 2017/08/14/accepted PY - 2017/8/23/pubmed PY - 2018/8/15/medline PY - 2017/8/23/entrez KW - Human population KW - Metal and metalloid KW - Risk assessment KW - Soil KW - Source identification SP - 944 EP - 950 JF - The Science of the total environment JO - Sci Total Environ VL - 610-611 N2 - The human population is both an emitter and receptor of metals. This study aims to clarify how the relationship of metals and metalloids to human populations influences their source characterization and health risk, based on metal concentrations in 298 soil samples in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) and the corresponding zip-code level population. Nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb), but not chromium (Cr) and arsenic (As), were significantly correlated with population (p<0.01), suggesting potential anthropogenic sources. A principal component analysis (PCA) revealed three factors (i.e., F1, F2, and F3) contributing to metal levels in the PRD: (1) metal transport from rivers (F1), which explained the high levels of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Cd in downstream areas; (2) industrial sources (F2), mainly contributing to Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, and Pb; and (3) natural and agricultural sources (F3), mainly contributing to As and Pb. F2 was significantly correlated with population, while F3 was not, indicating that an analysis of the correlation with population could be used to identify industrial sources of metals. Compared with directly calculated risks, the population-weighted non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were increased by 4.2-4.9% and 7.7-9.2%, respectively. A unit increase in the concentration of industrial metals led to higher extra risks than a corresponding increase in natural metals due to the proximity to human populations. SN - 1879-1026 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/28830054/Linkage_between_human_population_and_trace_elements_in_soils_of_the_Pearl_River_Delta:_Implications_for_source_identification_and_risk_assessment_ L2 - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0048-9697(17)32138-1 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -