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Xenotransplantation: past, present, and future.
Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2017 Dec; 22(6):513-521.CO

Abstract

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

To review the progress in the field of xenotransplantation with special attention to most recent encouraging findings which will eventually bring xenotransplantation to the clinic in the near future.

RECENT FINDINGS

Starting from early 2000, with the introduction of galactose-α1,3-galactose (Gal)-knockout pigs, prolonged survival especially in heart and kidney xenotransplantation was recorded. However, remaining antibody barriers to non-Gal antigens continue to be the hurdle to overcome. The production of genetically engineered pigs was difficult requiring prolonged time. However, advances in gene editing, such as zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and most recently clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology made the production of genetically engineered pigs easier and available to more researchers. Today, the survival of pig-to-nonhuman primate heterotopic heart, kidney, and islet xenotransplantation reached more than 900, more than 400, and more than 600 days, respectively. The availability of multiple-gene pigs (five or six genetic modifications) and/or newer costimulation blockade agents significantly contributed to this success. Now, the field is getting ready for clinical trials with an international consensus.

SUMMARY

Clinical trials in cellular or solid organ xenotransplantation are getting closer with convincing preclinical data from many centers. The next decade will show us new achievements and additional barriers in clinical xenotransplantation.

Links

PMC Free PDF

Authors+Show Affiliations

Ekser B
aDivision of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana bXenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Li P
No affiliation info available
Cooper DKC
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AnimalsHumansSwineTransplantation, Heterologous

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Review

Language

eng

PubMed ID

28901971

Citation

Ekser, Burcin, et al. "Xenotransplantation: Past, Present, and Future." Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation, vol. 22, no. 6, 2017, pp. 513-521.
Ekser B, Li P, Cooper DKC. Xenotransplantation: past, present, and future. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2017;22(6):513-521.
Ekser, B., Li, P., & Cooper, D. K. C. (2017). Xenotransplantation: past, present, and future. Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation, 22(6), 513-521. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOT.0000000000000463
Ekser B, Li P, Cooper DKC. Xenotransplantation: Past, Present, and Future. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2017;22(6):513-521. PubMed PMID: 28901971.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Xenotransplantation: past, present, and future. AU - Ekser,Burcin, AU - Li,Ping, AU - Cooper,David K C, PY - 2017/9/14/pubmed PY - 2018/3/20/medline PY - 2017/9/14/entrez SP - 513 EP - 521 JF - Current opinion in organ transplantation JO - Curr Opin Organ Transplant VL - 22 IS - 6 N2 - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the progress in the field of xenotransplantation with special attention to most recent encouraging findings which will eventually bring xenotransplantation to the clinic in the near future. RECENT FINDINGS: Starting from early 2000, with the introduction of galactose-α1,3-galactose (Gal)-knockout pigs, prolonged survival especially in heart and kidney xenotransplantation was recorded. However, remaining antibody barriers to non-Gal antigens continue to be the hurdle to overcome. The production of genetically engineered pigs was difficult requiring prolonged time. However, advances in gene editing, such as zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and most recently clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology made the production of genetically engineered pigs easier and available to more researchers. Today, the survival of pig-to-nonhuman primate heterotopic heart, kidney, and islet xenotransplantation reached more than 900, more than 400, and more than 600 days, respectively. The availability of multiple-gene pigs (five or six genetic modifications) and/or newer costimulation blockade agents significantly contributed to this success. Now, the field is getting ready for clinical trials with an international consensus. SUMMARY: Clinical trials in cellular or solid organ xenotransplantation are getting closer with convincing preclinical data from many centers. The next decade will show us new achievements and additional barriers in clinical xenotransplantation. SN - 1531-7013 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/28901971/Xenotransplantation:_past_present_and_future_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -