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Cryptosporidium and Giardia safety margin increase in leafy green vegetables irrigated with treated wastewater.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2018 01; 221(1):112-119.IJ

Abstract

The presence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in waste water is a main concern because water reuse for irrigation can jeopardize human health. Spanish Legislation for water reuse does not oblige to analyze the presence of both pathogens Cryptosporidium and Giardia in reused water for irrigation. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to determine the influence of wastewater treatment in the increase of the consumer safety margin in relation to the presence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in leafy green vegetables. With this aim in mind, a total of 108 samples from raw (influent) and treated wastewater (effluent) from three wastewater treatment plants in Spain were analysed according to USEPA Method 1623. Effluent results show that Cryptosporidium oocysts average counts ranged from 1.38 to 2.6/L oocysts and Giardia cysts ranged from 0.6 to 1.7/L cysts, which means a removal values of 2.7 log, 2.5 log and 1.8 log for Cryptosporidium oocysts and 1 log, 2 log and 2.2 log for Giardia cysts in the three wastewater treatment plants analysed. In relation to safety margin the highest probability that exposure exceed the dose response was observed for Giardia. In addition, the sensitivity analysis showed that (oo)cysts concentration present in the leafy green vegetables and the human dose-response were the most influential inputs in the safety margin obtained.

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Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Domenech E
Institute of Food Engineering for Development (IUIAD), Food Technology Department (DTA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, P.O. Box 46022, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: evdoan@tal.upv.es.
Amorós I
Instituto de Ingeniería del Agua y Medio Ambiente, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, P.O. Box 46022, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: iamoros@ihdr.upv.es.
Moreno Y
Instituto de Ingeniería del Agua y Medio Ambiente, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, P.O. Box 46022, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: ymoren@upvnet.upv.es.
Alonso JL
Instituto de Ingeniería del Agua y Medio Ambiente, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, P.O. Box 46022, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: jalonso@ihdr.upv.es.

MeSH

Agricultural IrrigationCryptosporidiumFood ParasitologyFood SafetyGiardiaOocystsSeasonsVegetablesWastewater

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

29066286

Citation

Domenech, Eva, et al. "Cryptosporidium and Giardia Safety Margin Increase in Leafy Green Vegetables Irrigated With Treated Wastewater." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, vol. 221, no. 1, 2018, pp. 112-119.
Domenech E, Amorós I, Moreno Y, et al. Cryptosporidium and Giardia safety margin increase in leafy green vegetables irrigated with treated wastewater. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2018;221(1):112-119.
Domenech, E., Amorós, I., Moreno, Y., & Alonso, J. L. (2018). Cryptosporidium and Giardia safety margin increase in leafy green vegetables irrigated with treated wastewater. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 221(1), 112-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.10.009
Domenech E, et al. Cryptosporidium and Giardia Safety Margin Increase in Leafy Green Vegetables Irrigated With Treated Wastewater. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2018;221(1):112-119. PubMed PMID: 29066286.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Cryptosporidium and Giardia safety margin increase in leafy green vegetables irrigated with treated wastewater. AU - Domenech,Eva, AU - Amorós,Inmaculada, AU - Moreno,Yolanda, AU - Alonso,José L, Y1 - 2017/10/18/ PY - 2017/07/30/received PY - 2017/09/22/revised PY - 2017/10/18/accepted PY - 2017/10/27/pubmed PY - 2018/8/16/medline PY - 2017/10/26/entrez KW - Giardia KW - Reclaimed water KW - Risk assessment KW - Wastewater SP - 112 EP - 119 JF - International journal of hygiene and environmental health JO - Int J Hyg Environ Health VL - 221 IS - 1 N2 - The presence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in waste water is a main concern because water reuse for irrigation can jeopardize human health. Spanish Legislation for water reuse does not oblige to analyze the presence of both pathogens Cryptosporidium and Giardia in reused water for irrigation. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to determine the influence of wastewater treatment in the increase of the consumer safety margin in relation to the presence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in leafy green vegetables. With this aim in mind, a total of 108 samples from raw (influent) and treated wastewater (effluent) from three wastewater treatment plants in Spain were analysed according to USEPA Method 1623. Effluent results show that Cryptosporidium oocysts average counts ranged from 1.38 to 2.6/L oocysts and Giardia cysts ranged from 0.6 to 1.7/L cysts, which means a removal values of 2.7 log, 2.5 log and 1.8 log for Cryptosporidium oocysts and 1 log, 2 log and 2.2 log for Giardia cysts in the three wastewater treatment plants analysed. In relation to safety margin the highest probability that exposure exceed the dose response was observed for Giardia. In addition, the sensitivity analysis showed that (oo)cysts concentration present in the leafy green vegetables and the human dose-response were the most influential inputs in the safety margin obtained. SN - 1618-131X UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/29066286/Cryptosporidium_and_Giardia_safety_margin_increase_in_leafy_green_vegetables_irrigated_with_treated_wastewater_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -