TY - JOUR T1 - An Oldie but Goodie: Lithium in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder through Neuroprotective and Neurotrophic Mechanisms. AU - Won,Eunsoo, AU - Kim,Yong-Ku, Y1 - 2017/12/11/ PY - 2017/10/28/received PY - 2017/12/04/revised PY - 2017/12/07/accepted PY - 2017/12/14/entrez PY - 2017/12/14/pubmed PY - 2018/7/18/medline KW - bipolar disorder KW - lithium KW - therapeutic mechanism JF - International journal of molecular sciences JO - Int J Mol Sci VL - 18 IS - 12 N2 - Lithium has been used for the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) for the last sixty or more years, and recent studies with more reliable designs and updated guidelines have recommended lithium to be the treatment of choice for acute manic, mixed and depressive episodes of BD, along with long-term prophylaxis. Lithium's specific mechanism of action in mood regulation is progressively being clarified, such as the direct inhibition on glycogen synthase kinase 3β, and its various effects on neurotrophic factors, neurotransmitters, oxidative metabolism, apoptosis, second messenger systems, and biological systems are also being revealed. Furthermore, lithium has been proposed to exert its treatment effects through mechanisms associated with neuronal plasticity. In this review, we have overviewed the clinical aspects of lithium use for BD, and have focused on the neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects of lithium. SN - 1422-0067 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/29232923/An_Oldie_but_Goodie:_Lithium_in_the_Treatment_of_Bipolar_Disorder_through_Neuroprotective_and_Neurotrophic_Mechanisms_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -