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Melioidosis.
Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018 02 01; 4:17107.NR

Abstract

Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative environmental bacterium and the aetiological agent of melioidosis, a life-threatening infection that is estimated to account for ∼89,000 deaths per year worldwide. Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for melioidosis, and the global diabetes pandemic could increase the number of fatalities caused by melioidosis. Melioidosis is endemic across tropical areas, especially in southeast Asia and northern Australia. Disease manifestations can range from acute septicaemia to chronic infection, as the facultative intracellular lifestyle and virulence factors of B. pseudomallei promote survival and persistence of the pathogen within a broad range of cells, and the bacteria can manipulate the host's immune responses and signalling pathways to escape surveillance. The majority of patients present with sepsis, but specific clinical presentations and their severity vary depending on the route of bacterial entry (skin penetration, inhalation or ingestion), host immune function and bacterial strain and load. Diagnosis is based on clinical and epidemiological features as well as bacterial culture. Treatment requires long-term intravenous and oral antibiotic courses. Delays in treatment due to difficulties in clinical recognition and laboratory diagnosis often lead to poor outcomes and mortality can exceed 40% in some regions. Research into B. pseudomallei is increasing, owing to the biothreat potential of this pathogen and increasing awareness of the disease and its burden; however, better diagnostic tests are needed to improve early confirmation of diagnosis, which would enable better therapeutic efficacy and survival.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Wiersinga WJ
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, Rm. G2-132, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Centre for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Virk HS
Centre for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Torres AG
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.
Currie BJ
Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Australia.
Peacock SJ
Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Dance DAB
Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic. Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Limmathurotsakul D
Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Department of Tropical Hygiene and Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.

MeSH

Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate CombinationAnti-Bacterial AgentsBurkholderia pseudomalleiCeftazidimeDisease EradicationGlobal Burden of DiseaseHumansImipenemImmunotherapy, ActiveMelioidosisMeropenemRisk Factors

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review

Language

eng

PubMed ID

29388572

Citation

Wiersinga, W Joost, et al. "Melioidosis." Nature Reviews. Disease Primers, vol. 4, 2018, p. 17107.
Wiersinga WJ, Virk HS, Torres AG, et al. Melioidosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018;4:17107.
Wiersinga, W. J., Virk, H. S., Torres, A. G., Currie, B. J., Peacock, S. J., Dance, D. A. B., & Limmathurotsakul, D. (2018). Melioidosis. Nature Reviews. Disease Primers, 4, 17107. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2017.107
Wiersinga WJ, et al. Melioidosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018 02 1;4:17107. PubMed PMID: 29388572.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Melioidosis. AU - Wiersinga,W Joost, AU - Virk,Harjeet S, AU - Torres,Alfredo G, AU - Currie,Bart J, AU - Peacock,Sharon J, AU - Dance,David A B, AU - Limmathurotsakul,Direk, Y1 - 2018/02/01/ PY - 2018/2/2/entrez PY - 2018/2/2/pubmed PY - 2019/9/17/medline SP - 17107 EP - 17107 JF - Nature reviews. Disease primers JO - Nat Rev Dis Primers VL - 4 N2 - Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative environmental bacterium and the aetiological agent of melioidosis, a life-threatening infection that is estimated to account for ∼89,000 deaths per year worldwide. Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for melioidosis, and the global diabetes pandemic could increase the number of fatalities caused by melioidosis. Melioidosis is endemic across tropical areas, especially in southeast Asia and northern Australia. Disease manifestations can range from acute septicaemia to chronic infection, as the facultative intracellular lifestyle and virulence factors of B. pseudomallei promote survival and persistence of the pathogen within a broad range of cells, and the bacteria can manipulate the host's immune responses and signalling pathways to escape surveillance. The majority of patients present with sepsis, but specific clinical presentations and their severity vary depending on the route of bacterial entry (skin penetration, inhalation or ingestion), host immune function and bacterial strain and load. Diagnosis is based on clinical and epidemiological features as well as bacterial culture. Treatment requires long-term intravenous and oral antibiotic courses. Delays in treatment due to difficulties in clinical recognition and laboratory diagnosis often lead to poor outcomes and mortality can exceed 40% in some regions. Research into B. pseudomallei is increasing, owing to the biothreat potential of this pathogen and increasing awareness of the disease and its burden; however, better diagnostic tests are needed to improve early confirmation of diagnosis, which would enable better therapeutic efficacy and survival. SN - 2056-676X UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/29388572/full_citation DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -