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Impact of dietary patterns and the main food groups on mortality and recurrence in cancer survivors: a systematic review of current epidemiological literature.
BMJ Open. 2018 02 19; 8(2):e014530.BO

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To determine whether there is an association between dietary patterns/indices and foods from the main food groups (highest vs lowest intakes) prior to or after cancer diagnosis and mortality and cancer recurrence in cancer survivors.

PARTICIPANTS

Survivors of common cancers with a 10-year survival rate of ≥50%: bladder, bowel, breast, cervical, kidney, laryngeal, prostate, testicular, uterine cancer, malignant melanoma and (non-)Hodgkin's lymphoma.

OUTCOME MEASURES

Mortality (overall, cancer-specific, from other causes) and cancer recurrence.

INFORMATION SOURCES

PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to April 2017. Additional studies were identified by searching reference lists. Two authors independently screened titles and abstracts, assessed study quality and extracted the data.

RESULTS

A total of 38 studies were included. The risk of bias was rated low for the included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and moderate for the cohort studies. The quality of evidence was assessed with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach and was rated moderate (RCTs), and (very)low (cohort studies). Reducing the amount of fat after diagnosis appears to decrease the risk of breast cancer recurrence. Adherence to a high-quality diet and prudent diet after diagnosis appears to decrease the risk of death from other causes (and overall mortality for high-quality diet) in breast cancer survivors. Adherence to a Western diet, before and after diagnosis, appears to increase the risk of overall mortality and death from other causes among breast cancer survivors. Evidence from studies among other cancer survivors was too limited or could not be identified.

CONCLUSION

For many cancer survivors, there is little evidence to date to indicate that particular dietary behaviours influence outcomes with regard to recurrence and mortality. Notwithstanding, limited evidence suggests that a low-fat diet, a high-quality diet and a prudent diet are beneficial for breast cancer survivors, while a Western diet is detrimental for breast cancer survivors.

Links

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Jochems SHJ
Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Van Osch FHM
Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Bryan RT
Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Wesselius A
NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
van Schooten FJ
NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Cheng KK
Institute of Applied Health Research, Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Zeegers MP
NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

MeSH

Breast NeoplasmsCancer SurvivorsDiet, Fat-RestrictedDiet, WesternEnergy IntakeHumansNeoplasm Recurrence, LocalRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicSurvival RateTime Factors

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Review
Systematic Review

Language

eng

PubMed ID

29459359

Citation

Jochems, Sylvia H J., et al. "Impact of Dietary Patterns and the Main Food Groups On Mortality and Recurrence in Cancer Survivors: a Systematic Review of Current Epidemiological Literature." BMJ Open, vol. 8, no. 2, 2018, pp. e014530.
Jochems SHJ, Van Osch FHM, Bryan RT, et al. Impact of dietary patterns and the main food groups on mortality and recurrence in cancer survivors: a systematic review of current epidemiological literature. BMJ Open. 2018;8(2):e014530.
Jochems, S. H. J., Van Osch, F. H. M., Bryan, R. T., Wesselius, A., van Schooten, F. J., Cheng, K. K., & Zeegers, M. P. (2018). Impact of dietary patterns and the main food groups on mortality and recurrence in cancer survivors: a systematic review of current epidemiological literature. BMJ Open, 8(2), e014530. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014530
Jochems SHJ, et al. Impact of Dietary Patterns and the Main Food Groups On Mortality and Recurrence in Cancer Survivors: a Systematic Review of Current Epidemiological Literature. BMJ Open. 2018 02 19;8(2):e014530. PubMed PMID: 29459359.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of dietary patterns and the main food groups on mortality and recurrence in cancer survivors: a systematic review of current epidemiological literature. AU - Jochems,Sylvia H J, AU - Van Osch,Frits H M, AU - Bryan,Richard T, AU - Wesselius,Anke, AU - van Schooten,Frederik J, AU - Cheng,Kar Keung, AU - Zeegers,Maurice P, Y1 - 2018/02/19/ PY - 2018/2/21/entrez PY - 2018/2/21/pubmed PY - 2018/9/7/medline KW - cancer recurrence KW - cancer survivors KW - diet KW - dietary pattern KW - food KW - mortality SP - e014530 EP - e014530 JF - BMJ open JO - BMJ Open VL - 8 IS - 2 N2 - OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is an association between dietary patterns/indices and foods from the main food groups (highest vs lowest intakes) prior to or after cancer diagnosis and mortality and cancer recurrence in cancer survivors. PARTICIPANTS: Survivors of common cancers with a 10-year survival rate of ≥50%: bladder, bowel, breast, cervical, kidney, laryngeal, prostate, testicular, uterine cancer, malignant melanoma and (non-)Hodgkin's lymphoma. OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality (overall, cancer-specific, from other causes) and cancer recurrence. INFORMATION SOURCES: PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to April 2017. Additional studies were identified by searching reference lists. Two authors independently screened titles and abstracts, assessed study quality and extracted the data. RESULTS: A total of 38 studies were included. The risk of bias was rated low for the included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and moderate for the cohort studies. The quality of evidence was assessed with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach and was rated moderate (RCTs), and (very)low (cohort studies). Reducing the amount of fat after diagnosis appears to decrease the risk of breast cancer recurrence. Adherence to a high-quality diet and prudent diet after diagnosis appears to decrease the risk of death from other causes (and overall mortality for high-quality diet) in breast cancer survivors. Adherence to a Western diet, before and after diagnosis, appears to increase the risk of overall mortality and death from other causes among breast cancer survivors. Evidence from studies among other cancer survivors was too limited or could not be identified. CONCLUSION: For many cancer survivors, there is little evidence to date to indicate that particular dietary behaviours influence outcomes with regard to recurrence and mortality. Notwithstanding, limited evidence suggests that a low-fat diet, a high-quality diet and a prudent diet are beneficial for breast cancer survivors, while a Western diet is detrimental for breast cancer survivors. SN - 2044-6055 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/29459359/Impact_of_dietary_patterns_and_the_main_food_groups_on_mortality_and_recurrence_in_cancer_survivors:_a_systematic_review_of_current_epidemiological_literature_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -