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Alfalfa and Pastures: Sources of Pests or Generalist Natural Enemies?
Environ Entomol. 2018 04 05; 47(2):271-281.EE

Abstract

Pierce's disease of grapevine and almond leaf scorch disease are both caused by the bacterial pathogen Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. In the Central Valley of California, Draeculacephala minerva Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is the most common vector of X. fastidiosa. As alfalfa fields and pastures are considered source habitats for D. minerva, it is recommended that almond orchards and vineyards should be distanced from alfalfa and pastures. Here, risk of alfalfa and pastures serving as sources of D. minerva was compared to the potential benefit of alfalfa and pastures serving as sources of generalist natural enemies belonging to the families Chrysopidae and Coccinellidae. Populations of D. minerva were greatest in pastures, whereas chrysopids were least abundant in pastures, and coccinellids were only moderately more abundant in pastures than in vineyards or almond orchards. Accordingly, risk of pastures serving as a source of D. minerva was not offset by any potential benefit of pastures serving as a source of chrysopids or coccinellids. Abundance of D. minerva in alfalfa was low, whereas abundance of chrysopids and coccinellids in alfalfa was high. Thus, well-maintained alfalfa fields were a minor source of D. minerva that may contribute chrysopids and coccinellids to surrounding habitats. Spissistilus festinus (Say) (Hemiptera: Membracidae), a recently identified vector of grapevine red blotch virus, was abundant in alfalfa fields and was observed in vineyards. Thus, a full evaluation of the risk of planting vineyards near alfalfa may require considering risk associated with movement of S. festinus.

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Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Sisterson MS
USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier CA.
Dwyer DP
USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier CA.
Uchima SY
USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier CA.

MeSH

AgricultureAnimalsCaliforniaColeopteraFood ChainHemipteraInsect VectorsLarvaMedicago sativaNymphPlant DiseasesPoaceaePrunus dulcisVitisXylella

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Language

eng

PubMed ID

29490048

Citation

Sisterson, Mark S., et al. "Alfalfa and Pastures: Sources of Pests or Generalist Natural Enemies?" Environmental Entomology, vol. 47, no. 2, 2018, pp. 271-281.
Sisterson MS, Dwyer DP, Uchima SY. Alfalfa and Pastures: Sources of Pests or Generalist Natural Enemies? Environ Entomol. 2018;47(2):271-281.
Sisterson, M. S., Dwyer, D. P., & Uchima, S. Y. (2018). Alfalfa and Pastures: Sources of Pests or Generalist Natural Enemies? Environmental Entomology, 47(2), 271-281. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvy011
Sisterson MS, Dwyer DP, Uchima SY. Alfalfa and Pastures: Sources of Pests or Generalist Natural Enemies. Environ Entomol. 2018 04 5;47(2):271-281. PubMed PMID: 29490048.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Alfalfa and Pastures: Sources of Pests or Generalist Natural Enemies? AU - Sisterson,Mark S, AU - Dwyer,Donal P, AU - Uchima,Sean Y, PY - 2018/3/1/pubmed PY - 2018/11/9/medline PY - 2018/3/1/entrez SP - 271 EP - 281 JF - Environmental entomology JO - Environ Entomol VL - 47 IS - 2 N2 - Pierce's disease of grapevine and almond leaf scorch disease are both caused by the bacterial pathogen Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. In the Central Valley of California, Draeculacephala minerva Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is the most common vector of X. fastidiosa. As alfalfa fields and pastures are considered source habitats for D. minerva, it is recommended that almond orchards and vineyards should be distanced from alfalfa and pastures. Here, risk of alfalfa and pastures serving as sources of D. minerva was compared to the potential benefit of alfalfa and pastures serving as sources of generalist natural enemies belonging to the families Chrysopidae and Coccinellidae. Populations of D. minerva were greatest in pastures, whereas chrysopids were least abundant in pastures, and coccinellids were only moderately more abundant in pastures than in vineyards or almond orchards. Accordingly, risk of pastures serving as a source of D. minerva was not offset by any potential benefit of pastures serving as a source of chrysopids or coccinellids. Abundance of D. minerva in alfalfa was low, whereas abundance of chrysopids and coccinellids in alfalfa was high. Thus, well-maintained alfalfa fields were a minor source of D. minerva that may contribute chrysopids and coccinellids to surrounding habitats. Spissistilus festinus (Say) (Hemiptera: Membracidae), a recently identified vector of grapevine red blotch virus, was abundant in alfalfa fields and was observed in vineyards. Thus, a full evaluation of the risk of planting vineyards near alfalfa may require considering risk associated with movement of S. festinus. SN - 1938-2936 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/29490048/Alfalfa_and_Pastures:_Sources_of_Pests_or_Generalist_Natural_Enemies DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -