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Toxicological Investigations on the Sea Urchin Tripneustes gratilla (Toxopneustidae, Echinoid) from Anaho Bay (Nuku Hiva, French Polynesia): Evidence for the Presence of Pacific Ciguatoxins.
Mar Drugs. 2018 Apr 06; 16(4)MD

Abstract

The sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla (Toxopneustidae, Echinoids) is a source of protein for many islanders in the Indo-West Pacific. It was previously reported to occasionally cause ciguatera-like poisoning; however, the exact nature of the causative agent was not confirmed. In April and July 2015, ciguatera poisonings were reported following the consumption of T.gratilla in Anaho Bay (Nuku Hiva Island, Marquesas archipelago, French Polynesia). Patient symptomatology was recorded and sea urchin samples were collected from Anaho Bay in July 2015 and November 2016. Toxicity analysis using the neuroblastoma cell-based assay (CBA-N2a) detected the presence of ciguatoxins (CTXs) in T.gratilla samples. Gambierdiscus species were predominant in the benthic assemblages of Anaho Bay, and G.polynesiensis was highly prevalent in in vitro cultures according to qPCR results. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses revealed that P-CTX-3B was the major ciguatoxin congener in toxic sea urchin samples, followed by 51-OH-P-CTX-3C, P-CTX-3C, P-CTX-4A, and P-CTX-4B. Between July 2015 and November 2016, the toxin content in T.gratilla decreased, but was consistently above the safety limit allowed for human consumption. This study provides evidence of CTX bioaccumulation in T.gratilla as a cause of ciguatera-like poisoning associated with a documented symptomatology.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Darius HT
Institut Louis Malardé (ILM), Laboratory of Toxic Microalgae-UMR 241-EIO, PO Box 30, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia. tdarius@ilm.pf.
Roué M
Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-UMR 241-EIO, PO Box 53267, 98716 Pirae, Tahiti, French Polynesia. melanie.roue@ird.fr.
Sibat M
IFREMER, Phycotoxins Laboratory, F-44311 Nantes, France. manoella.sibat@ifremer.fr.
Viallon J
Institut Louis Malardé (ILM), Laboratory of Toxic Microalgae-UMR 241-EIO, PO Box 30, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia. jviallon@ilm.pf.
Gatti CMII
Institut Louis Malardé (ILM), Laboratory of Toxic Microalgae-UMR 241-EIO, PO Box 30, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia. cgatti@ilm.pf.
Vandersea MW
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Beaufort Laboratory, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA. mark.w.vandersea@noaa.gov.
Tester PA
Ocean Tester, LLC, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA. ocean.tester@gmail.com.
Litaker RW
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Beaufort Laboratory, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA. wayne.litaker@noaa.gov.
Amzil Z
IFREMER, Phycotoxins Laboratory, F-44311 Nantes, France. zouher.amzil@ifremer.fr.
Hess P
IFREMER, Phycotoxins Laboratory, F-44311 Nantes, France. philipp.hess@ifremer.fr.
Chinain M
Institut Louis Malardé (ILM), Laboratory of Toxic Microalgae-UMR 241-EIO, PO Box 30, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia. mchinain@ilm.pf.

MeSH

AgedAnimalsBaysBiological AssayCell Line, TumorCiguatera PoisoningCiguatoxinsDinoflagellidaFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPolynesiaRaw FoodsSea UrchinsSeafoodToxicity Tests

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

29642418

Citation

Darius, Hélène Taiana, et al. "Toxicological Investigations On the Sea Urchin Tripneustes Gratilla (Toxopneustidae, Echinoid) From Anaho Bay (Nuku Hiva, French Polynesia): Evidence for the Presence of Pacific Ciguatoxins." Marine Drugs, vol. 16, no. 4, 2018.
Darius HT, Roué M, Sibat M, et al. Toxicological Investigations on the Sea Urchin Tripneustes gratilla (Toxopneustidae, Echinoid) from Anaho Bay (Nuku Hiva, French Polynesia): Evidence for the Presence of Pacific Ciguatoxins. Mar Drugs. 2018;16(4).
Darius, H. T., Roué, M., Sibat, M., Viallon, J., Gatti, C. M. I. I., Vandersea, M. W., Tester, P. A., Litaker, R. W., Amzil, Z., Hess, P., & Chinain, M. (2018). Toxicological Investigations on the Sea Urchin Tripneustes gratilla (Toxopneustidae, Echinoid) from Anaho Bay (Nuku Hiva, French Polynesia): Evidence for the Presence of Pacific Ciguatoxins. Marine Drugs, 16(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/md16040122
Darius HT, et al. Toxicological Investigations On the Sea Urchin Tripneustes Gratilla (Toxopneustidae, Echinoid) From Anaho Bay (Nuku Hiva, French Polynesia): Evidence for the Presence of Pacific Ciguatoxins. Mar Drugs. 2018 Apr 6;16(4) PubMed PMID: 29642418.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicological Investigations on the Sea Urchin Tripneustes gratilla (Toxopneustidae, Echinoid) from Anaho Bay (Nuku Hiva, French Polynesia): Evidence for the Presence of Pacific Ciguatoxins. AU - Darius,Hélène Taiana, AU - Roué,Mélanie, AU - Sibat,Manoella, AU - Viallon,Jérôme, AU - Gatti,Clémence Mahana Iti Iti, AU - Vandersea,Mark W, AU - Tester,Patricia A, AU - Litaker,R Wayne, AU - Amzil,Zouher, AU - Hess,Philipp, AU - Chinain,Mireille, Y1 - 2018/04/06/ PY - 2018/02/22/received PY - 2018/03/27/revised PY - 2018/04/04/accepted PY - 2018/4/13/entrez PY - 2018/4/13/pubmed PY - 2018/9/19/medline KW - CBA-N2a KW - Echinoidea KW - Gambierdiscus polynesiensis KW - LC-MS/MS KW - Tripneustes gratilla KW - artificial substrates KW - ciguatera poisoning KW - ciguatoxins KW - qPCR assays KW - sea urchin KW - window screens JF - Marine drugs JO - Mar Drugs VL - 16 IS - 4 N2 - The sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla (Toxopneustidae, Echinoids) is a source of protein for many islanders in the Indo-West Pacific. It was previously reported to occasionally cause ciguatera-like poisoning; however, the exact nature of the causative agent was not confirmed. In April and July 2015, ciguatera poisonings were reported following the consumption of T.gratilla in Anaho Bay (Nuku Hiva Island, Marquesas archipelago, French Polynesia). Patient symptomatology was recorded and sea urchin samples were collected from Anaho Bay in July 2015 and November 2016. Toxicity analysis using the neuroblastoma cell-based assay (CBA-N2a) detected the presence of ciguatoxins (CTXs) in T.gratilla samples. Gambierdiscus species were predominant in the benthic assemblages of Anaho Bay, and G.polynesiensis was highly prevalent in in vitro cultures according to qPCR results. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses revealed that P-CTX-3B was the major ciguatoxin congener in toxic sea urchin samples, followed by 51-OH-P-CTX-3C, P-CTX-3C, P-CTX-4A, and P-CTX-4B. Between July 2015 and November 2016, the toxin content in T.gratilla decreased, but was consistently above the safety limit allowed for human consumption. This study provides evidence of CTX bioaccumulation in T.gratilla as a cause of ciguatera-like poisoning associated with a documented symptomatology. SN - 1660-3397 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/29642418/Toxicological_Investigations_on_the_Sea_Urchin_Tripneustes_gratilla__Toxopneustidae_Echinoid__from_Anaho_Bay__Nuku_Hiva_French_Polynesia_:_Evidence_for_the_Presence_of_Pacific_Ciguatoxins_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -