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Usual Nutrient Intakes from the Diets of US Children by WIC Participation and Income: Findings from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016.
J Nutr. 2018 09 01; 148(9S):1567S-1574S.JN

Abstract

Background

A recent report of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) outlined priority nutrients for infants and children participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).

Objective

The objective of this study was to assess usual nutrient intakes from foods and beverages (not supplements) among US children aged <4 y by WIC participation status.

Methods

A national random sample of children aged <4 y (n = 3,235) from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016 was categorized by WIC participation status (participants, lower-income nonparticipants, or higher-income nonparticipants) and age (younger infants aged 0-5.9 mo, older infants aged 6-11.9 mo, toddlers aged 12-23.9 mo, or preschoolers aged 24-47.9 mo). All participants contributed one 24-h dietary recall, with a second recall from a representative subsample (n = 799). Usual intakes and compliance with federal dietary recommendations were estimated by using the National Cancer Institute method. Differences between WIC participants and either lower-income nonparticipants or higher-income nonparticipants were tested using t tests.

Results

The diets of infants (aged <12 mo) were nutritionally adequate in general. Older infants participating in WIC had higher compliance with iron and vitamin D guidelines than either group of nonparticipants and greater compliance with calcium, zinc, and potassium guidelines than higher-income nonparticipants. WIC toddlers had a higher risk of inadequate calcium and excessive sodium intakes than higher-income nonparticipants. Eight percent of WIC toddlers exceeded added sugar guidelines compared with either nonparticipant group (∼2%). WIC toddlers and preschoolers had a lower risk of inadequate vitamin D intake than lower-income nonparticipants, but inadequacy was >75% across all subgroups. WIC preschoolers had higher compliance with saturated fat guidelines but lower compliance with sodium and added sugar guidelines than higher-income nonparticipants.

Conclusions

WIC participants had better intakes of iron (ages 6-23.9 mo), zinc and potassium (ages 6-11.9 mo), saturated fat (ages 24-47.9 mo), and vitamin D (all ages). Regardless of WIC participation status, most infants and children met the calcium and zinc guidelines, but large proportions had intakes not meeting the recommendations for iron (ages 6-11.9 mo), vitamin D, potassium, fiber, saturated fat, and sodium.

Links

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Jun S
Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
Catellier DJ
RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Eldridge AL
Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Dwyer JT
Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA.
Eicher-Miller HA
Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
Bailey RL
Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.

MeSH

Child HealthChild, PreschoolDietDiet SurveysEnergy IntakeFeeding BehaviorFemaleFood AssistanceHumansIncomeInfantInfant HealthInfant, NewbornMaleMental RecallMicronutrientsNutrientsPoverty

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

29878136

Citation

Jun, Shinyoung, et al. "Usual Nutrient Intakes From the Diets of US Children By WIC Participation and Income: Findings From the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016." The Journal of Nutrition, vol. 148, no. 9S, 2018, 1567S-1574S.
Jun S, Catellier DJ, Eldridge AL, et al. Usual Nutrient Intakes from the Diets of US Children by WIC Participation and Income: Findings from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016. J Nutr. 2018;148(9S):1567S-1574S.
Jun, S., Catellier, D. J., Eldridge, A. L., Dwyer, J. T., Eicher-Miller, H. A., & Bailey, R. L. (2018). Usual Nutrient Intakes from the Diets of US Children by WIC Participation and Income: Findings from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016. The Journal of Nutrition, 148(9S), 1567S-1574S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxy059
Jun S, et al. Usual Nutrient Intakes From the Diets of US Children By WIC Participation and Income: Findings From the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016. J Nutr. 2018 09 1;148(9S):1567S-1574S. PubMed PMID: 29878136.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Usual Nutrient Intakes from the Diets of US Children by WIC Participation and Income: Findings from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016. AU - Jun,Shinyoung, AU - Catellier,Diane J, AU - Eldridge,Alison L, AU - Dwyer,Johanna T, AU - Eicher-Miller,Heather A, AU - Bailey,Regan L, PY - 2017/08/23/received PY - 2018/03/11/accepted PY - 2018/6/8/pubmed PY - 2019/7/4/medline PY - 2018/6/8/entrez SP - 1567S EP - 1574S JF - The Journal of nutrition JO - J Nutr VL - 148 IS - 9S N2 - Background: A recent report of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) outlined priority nutrients for infants and children participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Objective: The objective of this study was to assess usual nutrient intakes from foods and beverages (not supplements) among US children aged <4 y by WIC participation status. Methods: A national random sample of children aged <4 y (n = 3,235) from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016 was categorized by WIC participation status (participants, lower-income nonparticipants, or higher-income nonparticipants) and age (younger infants aged 0-5.9 mo, older infants aged 6-11.9 mo, toddlers aged 12-23.9 mo, or preschoolers aged 24-47.9 mo). All participants contributed one 24-h dietary recall, with a second recall from a representative subsample (n = 799). Usual intakes and compliance with federal dietary recommendations were estimated by using the National Cancer Institute method. Differences between WIC participants and either lower-income nonparticipants or higher-income nonparticipants were tested using t tests. Results: The diets of infants (aged <12 mo) were nutritionally adequate in general. Older infants participating in WIC had higher compliance with iron and vitamin D guidelines than either group of nonparticipants and greater compliance with calcium, zinc, and potassium guidelines than higher-income nonparticipants. WIC toddlers had a higher risk of inadequate calcium and excessive sodium intakes than higher-income nonparticipants. Eight percent of WIC toddlers exceeded added sugar guidelines compared with either nonparticipant group (∼2%). WIC toddlers and preschoolers had a lower risk of inadequate vitamin D intake than lower-income nonparticipants, but inadequacy was >75% across all subgroups. WIC preschoolers had higher compliance with saturated fat guidelines but lower compliance with sodium and added sugar guidelines than higher-income nonparticipants. Conclusions: WIC participants had better intakes of iron (ages 6-23.9 mo), zinc and potassium (ages 6-11.9 mo), saturated fat (ages 24-47.9 mo), and vitamin D (all ages). Regardless of WIC participation status, most infants and children met the calcium and zinc guidelines, but large proportions had intakes not meeting the recommendations for iron (ages 6-11.9 mo), vitamin D, potassium, fiber, saturated fat, and sodium. SN - 1541-6100 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/29878136/Usual_Nutrient_Intakes_from_the_Diets_of_US_Children_by_WIC_Participation_and_Income:_Findings_from_the_Feeding_Infants_and_Toddlers_Study__FITS__2016_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -