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The effects of chronic betaine supplementation on body composition and performance in collegiate females: a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial.
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018 Jul 31; 15(1):37.JI

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Betaine supplementation has been shown to improve body composition and some metrics of muscular performance in young men; but, whether betaine enhances body composition or performance in female subjects is currently unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction between resistance training adaptation and chronic betaine supplementation in females.

METHODS

Twenty-three young women (21.0 ± 1.4 years, 165.9 ± 6.4 cm, 68.6 ± 11.8 kg) without prior structured resistance training experience volunteered for this study. Body composition (BodPod), rectus femoris muscle thickness (B-mode Ultrasound), vertical jump, back squat 1RM and bench press 1RM were assessed pre- and post-training. Following 1 week of familiarization training, subjects were matched for body composition and squat strength, and randomly assigned to either a betaine (2.5 g/day; n = 11) or placebo (n = 12) group that completed 3 sets of 6-7 exercises per day performed to momentary muscular failure. Training was divided into two lower and one upper body training sessions per week performed on non-consecutive days for 8 weeks, and weekly volume load was used to analyze work capacity.

RESULTS

Significant main effects of time were found for changes in lean mass (2.4 ± 1.8 kg), muscle thickness (0.13 ± 0.08 cm), vertical jump (1.8 ± 1.6 cm), squat 1RM (39.8 ± 14.0 kg), and bench press 1 RM (9.1 ± 7.3 kg); however, there were no significant interactions. A trend (p = .056) was found for greater weekly training volumes for betaine versus placebo. Significant interactions were found for changes in body fat percentage and fat mass: body fat percentage and fat mass decreased significantly more in betaine (- 3.3 ± 1.7%; - 2.0 ± 1.1 kg) compared to placebo (- 1.7 ± 1.6%; - 0.8 ± 1.3 kg), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study indicated that betaine supplementation may enhance reductions in fat mass, but not absolute strength, that accompany a resistance training program in untrained collegiate females.

Links

Authors+Show Affiliations

Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, PO Box 261954, Williams-Brice 101A, Conway, SC, 29528, USA. jcholewa@coastal.edu.

Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, PO Box 261954, Williams-Brice 101A, Conway, SC, 29528, USA.

Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, PO Box 261954, Williams-Brice 101A, Conway, SC, 29528, USA.

Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, PO Box 261954, Williams-Brice 101A, Conway, SC, 29528, USA.

Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, PO Box 261954, Williams-Brice 101A, Conway, SC, 29528, USA.

Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, PO Box 261954, Williams-Brice 101A, Conway, SC, 29528, USA.

Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, PO Box 261954, Williams-Brice 101A, Conway, SC, 29528, USA.

Regulatory & Scientific Affairs, DuPont Nutrition & Health Experimental Station, Wilmington, DE, USA.

MeSH

Adaptation, PhysiologicalBetaineBody CompositionDietary SupplementsDouble-Blind MethodFemaleHumansMuscle StrengthMuscle, SkeletalResistance TrainingSports Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaYoung Adult

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Randomized Controlled Trial

Language

eng

PubMed ID

30064450

Citation

Cholewa, Jason Michael, et al. "The Effects of Chronic Betaine Supplementation On Body Composition and Performance in Collegiate Females: a Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Trial." Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, vol. 15, no. 1, 2018, p. 37.

Cholewa JM, Hudson A, Cicholski T, et al. The effects of chronic betaine supplementation on body composition and performance in collegiate females: a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018;15(1):37.

Cholewa, J. M., Hudson, A., Cicholski, T., Cervenka, A., Barreno, K., Broom, K., Barch, M., & Craig, S. A. S. (2018). The effects of chronic betaine supplementation on body composition and performance in collegiate females: a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 15(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-018-0243-x

Cholewa JM, et al. The Effects of Chronic Betaine Supplementation On Body Composition and Performance in Collegiate Females: a Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018 Jul 31;15(1):37. PubMed PMID: 30064450.

* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case

TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of chronic betaine supplementation on body composition and performance in collegiate females: a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial. AU - Cholewa,Jason Michael, AU - Hudson,Andrea, AU - Cicholski,Taylor, AU - Cervenka,Amanda, AU - Barreno,Karley, AU - Broom,Kayla, AU - Barch,McKenzie, AU - Craig,Stuart A S, Y1 - 2018/07/31/ PY - 2018/04/17/received PY - 2018/07/23/accepted PY - 2018/8/2/entrez PY - 2018/8/2/pubmed PY - 2018/9/20/medline KW - Aesthetics KW - Ergogenic aid KW - Fat loss KW - Hypertrophy KW - Periodization KW - Resistance training SP - 37 EP - 37 JF - Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition JO - J Int Soc Sports Nutr VL - 15 IS - 1 N2 - BACKGROUND: Betaine supplementation has been shown to improve body composition and some metrics of muscular performance in young men; but, whether betaine enhances body composition or performance in female subjects is currently unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction between resistance training adaptation and chronic betaine supplementation in females. METHODS: Twenty-three young women (21.0 ± 1.4 years, 165.9 ± 6.4 cm, 68.6 ± 11.8 kg) without prior structured resistance training experience volunteered for this study. Body composition (BodPod), rectus femoris muscle thickness (B-mode Ultrasound), vertical jump, back squat 1RM and bench press 1RM were assessed pre- and post-training. Following 1 week of familiarization training, subjects were matched for body composition and squat strength, and randomly assigned to either a betaine (2.5 g/day; n = 11) or placebo (n = 12) group that completed 3 sets of 6-7 exercises per day performed to momentary muscular failure. Training was divided into two lower and one upper body training sessions per week performed on non-consecutive days for 8 weeks, and weekly volume load was used to analyze work capacity. RESULTS: Significant main effects of time were found for changes in lean mass (2.4 ± 1.8 kg), muscle thickness (0.13 ± 0.08 cm), vertical jump (1.8 ± 1.6 cm), squat 1RM (39.8 ± 14.0 kg), and bench press 1 RM (9.1 ± 7.3 kg); however, there were no significant interactions. A trend (p = .056) was found for greater weekly training volumes for betaine versus placebo. Significant interactions were found for changes in body fat percentage and fat mass: body fat percentage and fat mass decreased significantly more in betaine (- 3.3 ± 1.7%; - 2.0 ± 1.1 kg) compared to placebo (- 1.7 ± 1.6%; - 0.8 ± 1.3 kg), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicated that betaine supplementation may enhance reductions in fat mass, but not absolute strength, that accompany a resistance training program in untrained collegiate females. SN - 1550-2783 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/30064450/The_effects_of_chronic_betaine_supplementation_on_body_composition_and_performance_in_collegiate_females:_a_double_blind_randomized_placebo_controlled_trial_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -