Tags

Type your tag names separated by a space and hit enter

Metformin as a Radiation Modifier; Implications to Normal Tissue Protection and Tumor Sensitization.
Curr Clin Pharmacol. 2019; 14(1):41-53.CC

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Nowadays, ionizing radiation is used for several applications in medicine, industry, agriculture, and nuclear power generation. Besides the beneficial roles of ionizing radiation, there are some concerns about accidental exposure to radioactive sources. The threat posed by its use in terrorism is of global concern. Furthermore, there are several side effects to normal organs for patients who had undergone radiation treatment for cancer. Hence, the modulation of radiation response in normal tissues was one of the most important aims of radiobiology. Although, so far, several agents have been investigated for protection and mitigation of radiation injury. Agents such as amifostine may lead to severe toxicity, while others may interfere with radiation therapy outcomes as a result of tumor protection. Metformin is a natural agent that is well known as an antidiabetic drug. It has shown some antioxidant effects and enhances DNA repair capacity, thereby ameliorating cell death following exposure to radiation. Moreover, through targeting endogenous ROS production within cells, it can mitigate radiation injury. This could potentially make it an effective radiation countermeasure. In contrast to other radioprotectors, metformin has shown modulatory effects through induction of several genes such as AMPK, which suppresses reduction/ oxidation (redox) reactions, protects cells from accumulation of unrepaired DNA, and attenuates initiation of inflammation as well as fibrotic pathways. Interestingly, these properties of metformin can sensitize cancer cells to radiotherapy.

CONCLUSION

In this article, we aimed to review the interesting properties of metformin such as radioprotection, radiomitigation and radiosensitization, which could make it an interesting adjuvant for clinical radiotherapy, as well as an interesting candidate for mitigation of radiation injury after a radiation disaster.

Links

Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Mortezaee K
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
Shabeeb D
Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran. Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq.
Musa AE
Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran. Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Najafi M
Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Farhood B
Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.

MeSH

AnimalsAntioxidantsHumansMetforminNeoplasmsRadiation InjuriesRadiation-Protective Agents

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Review

Language

eng

PubMed ID

30360725

Citation

Mortezaee, Keywan, et al. "Metformin as a Radiation Modifier; Implications to Normal Tissue Protection and Tumor Sensitization." Current Clinical Pharmacology, vol. 14, no. 1, 2019, pp. 41-53.
Mortezaee K, Shabeeb D, Musa AE, et al. Metformin as a Radiation Modifier; Implications to Normal Tissue Protection and Tumor Sensitization. Curr Clin Pharmacol. 2019;14(1):41-53.
Mortezaee, K., Shabeeb, D., Musa, A. E., Najafi, M., & Farhood, B. (2019). Metformin as a Radiation Modifier; Implications to Normal Tissue Protection and Tumor Sensitization. Current Clinical Pharmacology, 14(1), 41-53. https://doi.org/10.2174/1574884713666181025141559
Mortezaee K, et al. Metformin as a Radiation Modifier; Implications to Normal Tissue Protection and Tumor Sensitization. Curr Clin Pharmacol. 2019;14(1):41-53. PubMed PMID: 30360725.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Metformin as a Radiation Modifier; Implications to Normal Tissue Protection and Tumor Sensitization. AU - Mortezaee,Keywan, AU - Shabeeb,Dheyauldeen, AU - Musa,Ahmed E, AU - Najafi,Masoud, AU - Farhood,Bagher, PY - 2018/09/20/received PY - 2018/10/19/revised PY - 2018/10/22/accepted PY - 2018/10/27/pubmed PY - 2020/4/11/medline PY - 2018/10/27/entrez KW - AMPK KW - DNA repair KW - Radiation KW - cell cycle KW - fibrosis KW - inflammation KW - metformin KW - mitigation KW - mitochondria KW - radioprotection KW - radiosensitization KW - redox KW - tumor hypoxia KW - tumor resistance. SP - 41 EP - 53 JF - Current clinical pharmacology JO - Curr Clin Pharmacol VL - 14 IS - 1 N2 - BACKGROUND: Nowadays, ionizing radiation is used for several applications in medicine, industry, agriculture, and nuclear power generation. Besides the beneficial roles of ionizing radiation, there are some concerns about accidental exposure to radioactive sources. The threat posed by its use in terrorism is of global concern. Furthermore, there are several side effects to normal organs for patients who had undergone radiation treatment for cancer. Hence, the modulation of radiation response in normal tissues was one of the most important aims of radiobiology. Although, so far, several agents have been investigated for protection and mitigation of radiation injury. Agents such as amifostine may lead to severe toxicity, while others may interfere with radiation therapy outcomes as a result of tumor protection. Metformin is a natural agent that is well known as an antidiabetic drug. It has shown some antioxidant effects and enhances DNA repair capacity, thereby ameliorating cell death following exposure to radiation. Moreover, through targeting endogenous ROS production within cells, it can mitigate radiation injury. This could potentially make it an effective radiation countermeasure. In contrast to other radioprotectors, metformin has shown modulatory effects through induction of several genes such as AMPK, which suppresses reduction/ oxidation (redox) reactions, protects cells from accumulation of unrepaired DNA, and attenuates initiation of inflammation as well as fibrotic pathways. Interestingly, these properties of metformin can sensitize cancer cells to radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: In this article, we aimed to review the interesting properties of metformin such as radioprotection, radiomitigation and radiosensitization, which could make it an interesting adjuvant for clinical radiotherapy, as well as an interesting candidate for mitigation of radiation injury after a radiation disaster. SN - 2212-3938 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/30360725/Metformin_as_a_Radiation_Modifier DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -