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Four hundred shades of brown: Higher level phylogeny of the problematic Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) based on hybrid enrichment data.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2019 02; 131:116-124.MP

Abstract

Relationships within satyrine butterflies have been notoriously difficult to resolve using both morphology and Sanger sequencing methods, and this is particularly true for the mainly Neotropical subtribe Euptychiina, which contains about 400 described species. Known larvae of Euptychiina feed on grasses and sedges, with the exception of the genus Euptychia, which feed on mosses and lycopsids, and the butterflies occur widely in rainforest, cloudforest and grassland habitats, where they are often abundant. Several previous molecular and morphological studies have made significant progress in tackling the systematics of the group, but many relationships remain unresolved, with long-branch-attraction artifacts being a major problem. Additionally, the monophyly of the clade remains uncertain, with Euptychia possibly not being closely related to the remainder of the clade. Here we present a backbone phylogeny of the subtribe based on 106 taxa, 368 nuclear loci, and over 180,000 bps obtained through hybrid enrichment. Using both concatenation and species tree approaches (IQ-TREE, EXABAYES, ASTRAL), we can for the first time strongly confirm the monophyly of Euptychiina with Euptychia being the sister group to the remainder of the clade. The Euptychiina is divided into nine well supported clades, but the placement of a few genera such as Hermeuptychia, Pindis and the Chloreuptychia catharina group still remain uncertain. As partially indicated in previous studies, the genera Cissia, Chloreuptychia, Magneuptychia, Megisto, Splendeuptychia and Euptychoides, among others, were found to be highly polyphyletic and revisions are in preparation. The phylogeny will provide a strong backbone for the analysis of datasets in development that are much more taxonomically comprehensive but have orders of magnitude fewer loci. This study therefore represents a critical step towards resolving the higher classification and studying the evolution of this highly diverse lineage.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Espeland M
Arthropoda Department, Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Adenauer Allee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany; Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA. Electronic address: m.espeland@leibniz-zfmk.de.
Breinholt JW
Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; RAPiD Genomics 747 SW 2nd Avenue IMB#14, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA.
Barbosa EP
Departamento de Biologia Animal and Museu de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz - Barão Geraldo, 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Casagrande MM
Laboratorio de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19020, 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
Huertas B
Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum London, Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD, UK.
Lamas G
Departamento de Entomología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Apartado 14-0434, Lima-14, Peru.
Marín MA
Departamento de Biologia Animal and Museu de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz - Barão Geraldo, 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Mielke OHH
Laboratorio de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19020, 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
Miller JY
Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
Nakahara S
Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Departamento de Entomología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Apartado 14-0434, Lima-14, Peru; Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Tan D
Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Warren AD
Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
Zacca T
Departamento de Biologia Animal and Museu de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz - Barão Geraldo, 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Kawahara AY
Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
Freitas AVL
Departamento de Biologia Animal and Museu de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz - Barão Geraldo, 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Willmott KR
Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.

MeSH

AnimalsButterfliesHybridization, GeneticLikelihood FunctionsPhylogenyPigmentation

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Language

eng

PubMed ID

30423438

Citation

Espeland, Marianne, et al. "Four Hundred Shades of Brown: Higher Level Phylogeny of the Problematic Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) Based On Hybrid Enrichment Data." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, vol. 131, 2019, pp. 116-124.
Espeland M, Breinholt JW, Barbosa EP, et al. Four hundred shades of brown: Higher level phylogeny of the problematic Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) based on hybrid enrichment data. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2019;131:116-124.
Espeland, M., Breinholt, J. W., Barbosa, E. P., Casagrande, M. M., Huertas, B., Lamas, G., Marín, M. A., Mielke, O. H. H., Miller, J. Y., Nakahara, S., Tan, D., Warren, A. D., Zacca, T., Kawahara, A. Y., Freitas, A. V. L., & Willmott, K. R. (2019). Four hundred shades of brown: Higher level phylogeny of the problematic Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) based on hybrid enrichment data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 131, 116-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.10.039
Espeland M, et al. Four Hundred Shades of Brown: Higher Level Phylogeny of the Problematic Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) Based On Hybrid Enrichment Data. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2019;131:116-124. PubMed PMID: 30423438.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Four hundred shades of brown: Higher level phylogeny of the problematic Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) based on hybrid enrichment data. AU - Espeland,Marianne, AU - Breinholt,Jesse W, AU - Barbosa,Eduardo P, AU - Casagrande,Mirna M, AU - Huertas,Blanca, AU - Lamas,Gerardo, AU - Marín,Mario A, AU - Mielke,Olaf H H, AU - Miller,Jacqueline Y, AU - Nakahara,Shinichi, AU - Tan,Denise, AU - Warren,Andrew D, AU - Zacca,Thamara, AU - Kawahara,Akito Y, AU - Freitas,André V L, AU - Willmott,Keith R, Y1 - 2018/11/10/ PY - 2017/11/24/received PY - 2018/08/06/revised PY - 2018/10/30/accepted PY - 2018/11/14/pubmed PY - 2019/4/30/medline PY - 2018/11/14/entrez KW - Butterflies KW - Neotropics KW - Papilionoidea KW - Phylogenomics KW - Target enrichment SP - 116 EP - 124 JF - Molecular phylogenetics and evolution JO - Mol Phylogenet Evol VL - 131 N2 - Relationships within satyrine butterflies have been notoriously difficult to resolve using both morphology and Sanger sequencing methods, and this is particularly true for the mainly Neotropical subtribe Euptychiina, which contains about 400 described species. Known larvae of Euptychiina feed on grasses and sedges, with the exception of the genus Euptychia, which feed on mosses and lycopsids, and the butterflies occur widely in rainforest, cloudforest and grassland habitats, where they are often abundant. Several previous molecular and morphological studies have made significant progress in tackling the systematics of the group, but many relationships remain unresolved, with long-branch-attraction artifacts being a major problem. Additionally, the monophyly of the clade remains uncertain, with Euptychia possibly not being closely related to the remainder of the clade. Here we present a backbone phylogeny of the subtribe based on 106 taxa, 368 nuclear loci, and over 180,000 bps obtained through hybrid enrichment. Using both concatenation and species tree approaches (IQ-TREE, EXABAYES, ASTRAL), we can for the first time strongly confirm the monophyly of Euptychiina with Euptychia being the sister group to the remainder of the clade. The Euptychiina is divided into nine well supported clades, but the placement of a few genera such as Hermeuptychia, Pindis and the Chloreuptychia catharina group still remain uncertain. As partially indicated in previous studies, the genera Cissia, Chloreuptychia, Magneuptychia, Megisto, Splendeuptychia and Euptychoides, among others, were found to be highly polyphyletic and revisions are in preparation. The phylogeny will provide a strong backbone for the analysis of datasets in development that are much more taxonomically comprehensive but have orders of magnitude fewer loci. This study therefore represents a critical step towards resolving the higher classification and studying the evolution of this highly diverse lineage. SN - 1095-9513 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/30423438/Four_hundred_shades_of_brown:_Higher_level_phylogeny_of_the_problematic_Euptychiina__Lepidoptera_Nymphalidae_Satyrinae__based_on_hybrid_enrichment_data_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -