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Haploid females in the isomorphic biphasic life-cycle of Gracilaria chilensis excel in survival.
BMC Evol Biol. 2018 11 20; 18(1):174.BE

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Conditional differentiation is one of the most fundamental drivers of biodiversity. Competitive entities (usually species) differ in environmental or ecological niche enabling them to co-exist. Conditional differentiation of haploid and diploid generations is considered to be a requirement for the evolutionary stability of isomorphic biphasic life-cycles and the cause for the natural occurrence of both phases at uneven abundances. Theoretically, stage dependent survival rates are the most efficient way to explain conditional differentiation.

RESULTS

We tested for conditional differentiation in survival rates among life stages (haploid males, haploid females, and diploids) of Gracilaria chilensis, an intertidal red alga occurring along the Chilean shores. Therefore, the fate of individuals was followed periodically for 3 years in five intertidal pools and, for the first time in isomorphic red algae, a composite model of the instantaneous survival rates was applied. The results showed the survival dependency on density (both competition and Allee effects), fertility, age, size, season and location, as well as the differentiation among stages for the survival dependencies of these factors. The young haploid females survived more than the young of the other stages under Allee effects during the environmentally stressful season at the more exposed locations, and under self-thinning during the active growth season. Furthermore, fertile haploid females had a higher survival than fertile haploid males or fertile diploids.

CONCLUSIONS

Here, we show a survival advantage of haploids over diploids. The haploid females probably optimize their resource management targeting structural and physiological adaptations that significantly enhance survival under harsher conditions. In a companion paper we demonstrate a fertility advantage of diploids over haploids. Together, the survival and fertility differentiation support the evolution and prevalence of biphasic life-cycles.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Vieira VMNCS
MARETEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal. vasco.vieira@tecnico.ulisboa.pt.
Engelen AH
CCMAR, Center of Marine Science, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
Huanel OR
Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, PontificiaUniversidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Guillemin ML
Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile. CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris VI, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place G. Tessier, 296888, Roscoff, France.

MeSH

ChileEcosystemFertilityGracilariaHaploidyLife Cycle StagesProbabilitySeasons

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

30458728

Citation

Vieira, Vasco M N C S., et al. "Haploid Females in the Isomorphic Biphasic Life-cycle of Gracilaria Chilensis Excel in Survival." BMC Evolutionary Biology, vol. 18, no. 1, 2018, p. 174.
Vieira VMNCS, Engelen AH, Huanel OR, et al. Haploid females in the isomorphic biphasic life-cycle of Gracilaria chilensis excel in survival. BMC Evol Biol. 2018;18(1):174.
Vieira, V. M. N. C. S., Engelen, A. H., Huanel, O. R., & Guillemin, M. L. (2018). Haploid females in the isomorphic biphasic life-cycle of Gracilaria chilensis excel in survival. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 18(1), 174. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1285-z
Vieira VMNCS, et al. Haploid Females in the Isomorphic Biphasic Life-cycle of Gracilaria Chilensis Excel in Survival. BMC Evol Biol. 2018 11 20;18(1):174. PubMed PMID: 30458728.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Haploid females in the isomorphic biphasic life-cycle of Gracilaria chilensis excel in survival. AU - Vieira,Vasco M N C S, AU - Engelen,Aschwin H, AU - Huanel,Oscar R, AU - Guillemin,Marie-Laure, Y1 - 2018/11/20/ PY - 2017/09/28/received PY - 2018/10/31/accepted PY - 2018/11/22/entrez PY - 2018/11/22/pubmed PY - 2019/1/22/medline KW - Age KW - Allee effect KW - Competition KW - Density KW - Fertility KW - Life-cycle evolution KW - Population dynamics KW - Sex KW - Size SP - 174 EP - 174 JF - BMC evolutionary biology JO - BMC Evol Biol VL - 18 IS - 1 N2 - BACKGROUND: Conditional differentiation is one of the most fundamental drivers of biodiversity. Competitive entities (usually species) differ in environmental or ecological niche enabling them to co-exist. Conditional differentiation of haploid and diploid generations is considered to be a requirement for the evolutionary stability of isomorphic biphasic life-cycles and the cause for the natural occurrence of both phases at uneven abundances. Theoretically, stage dependent survival rates are the most efficient way to explain conditional differentiation. RESULTS: We tested for conditional differentiation in survival rates among life stages (haploid males, haploid females, and diploids) of Gracilaria chilensis, an intertidal red alga occurring along the Chilean shores. Therefore, the fate of individuals was followed periodically for 3 years in five intertidal pools and, for the first time in isomorphic red algae, a composite model of the instantaneous survival rates was applied. The results showed the survival dependency on density (both competition and Allee effects), fertility, age, size, season and location, as well as the differentiation among stages for the survival dependencies of these factors. The young haploid females survived more than the young of the other stages under Allee effects during the environmentally stressful season at the more exposed locations, and under self-thinning during the active growth season. Furthermore, fertile haploid females had a higher survival than fertile haploid males or fertile diploids. CONCLUSIONS: Here, we show a survival advantage of haploids over diploids. The haploid females probably optimize their resource management targeting structural and physiological adaptations that significantly enhance survival under harsher conditions. In a companion paper we demonstrate a fertility advantage of diploids over haploids. Together, the survival and fertility differentiation support the evolution and prevalence of biphasic life-cycles. SN - 1471-2148 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/30458728/Haploid_females_in_the_isomorphic_biphasic_life_cycle_of_Gracilaria_chilensis_excel_in_survival_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -