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Primarily hip-borne load carriage does not alter biomechanical risk factors for overuse injuries in soldiers.
J Sci Med Sport. 2019 Feb; 22(2):158-163.JS

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

To determine the effects of different body armour types, carried loads, and walking speeds on trunk and lower-limb joint biomechanics.

DESIGN

Within-subjects repeated measures to determine the effects of different body armour types, carried loads, and walking speeds on trunk and lower-limb joint biomechanics.

METHODS

Twenty soldiers (29.5±7.1yrs) completed a treadmill walking protocol in an unloaded (baseline) condition and wearing a control, Tiered Body Armour System (TBAS) and five different armour types (cARM1-2, pARM1) with two load configurations (15 and 30kg) for a total of eight armour×load ensembles. In each ensemble, participants walked for 10min at 1.53ms-1 and 1.81ms-1 speeds. Whole-body marker kinematics and ground reaction forces were used, along with a scaled anatomic model, to determine peak lower-limb joint angles, net joint moments, and negative knee work. Peak parameters were compared between armour types, walking speeds, and carried loads using repeated measures ANOVAs.

RESULTS

Peak plantarflexion and hip abduction moments were reduced when wearing cARM1 (p=0.040, p=0.045) and cARM2 (p=0.045, p=0.003) compared to TBAS, while carrying 30kg and/or walking fast. This suggests positive benefits of load distribution at higher task demands. Joint moments increased when participants carried greater load and/or walked faster, and the combined effects of carried load and walking speed were mostly additive.

CONCLUSIONS

Primarily hip-borne load carriage does not negatively alter joint kinetics, and some positive adaptations occurred during tasks with higher demands. These results can inform equipment design and physical training programs for load carriage.

Links

Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Lenton GK
Gold Coast Orthopaedics Research, Education and Engineering Alliance, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Australia; Department of Health Professions, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia. Electronic address: g.lenton@griffith.edu.au.
Saxby DJ
Gold Coast Orthopaedics Research, Education and Engineering Alliance, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Australia.
Lloyd DG
Gold Coast Orthopaedics Research, Education and Engineering Alliance, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Australia.
Billing D
Land Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Australia.
Higgs J
Gold Coast Orthopaedics Research, Education and Engineering Alliance, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Australia.
Doyle TLA
Department of Health Professions, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia.

MeSH

AdultBiomechanical PhenomenaCumulative Trauma DisordersHipHumansLower ExtremityMaleMilitary PersonnelProtective ClothingRisk FactorsTorsoWalkingWeight-BearingYoung Adult

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

30595163

Citation

Lenton, Gavin K., et al. "Primarily Hip-borne Load Carriage Does Not Alter Biomechanical Risk Factors for Overuse Injuries in Soldiers." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, vol. 22, no. 2, 2019, pp. 158-163.
Lenton GK, Saxby DJ, Lloyd DG, et al. Primarily hip-borne load carriage does not alter biomechanical risk factors for overuse injuries in soldiers. J Sci Med Sport. 2019;22(2):158-163.
Lenton, G. K., Saxby, D. J., Lloyd, D. G., Billing, D., Higgs, J., & Doyle, T. L. A. (2019). Primarily hip-borne load carriage does not alter biomechanical risk factors for overuse injuries in soldiers. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 22(2), 158-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2018.06.013
Lenton GK, et al. Primarily Hip-borne Load Carriage Does Not Alter Biomechanical Risk Factors for Overuse Injuries in Soldiers. J Sci Med Sport. 2019;22(2):158-163. PubMed PMID: 30595163.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Primarily hip-borne load carriage does not alter biomechanical risk factors for overuse injuries in soldiers. AU - Lenton,Gavin K, AU - Saxby,David J, AU - Lloyd,David G, AU - Billing,Daniel, AU - Higgs,Jeremy, AU - Doyle,Tim L A, Y1 - 2018/06/28/ PY - 2018/02/13/received PY - 2018/05/28/revised PY - 2018/06/21/accepted PY - 2019/1/1/entrez PY - 2019/1/1/pubmed PY - 2019/1/11/medline KW - Biomechanics KW - Gait KW - Load carriage KW - Military personnel KW - Overuse injury SP - 158 EP - 163 JF - Journal of science and medicine in sport JO - J Sci Med Sport VL - 22 IS - 2 N2 - OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of different body armour types, carried loads, and walking speeds on trunk and lower-limb joint biomechanics. DESIGN: Within-subjects repeated measures to determine the effects of different body armour types, carried loads, and walking speeds on trunk and lower-limb joint biomechanics. METHODS: Twenty soldiers (29.5±7.1yrs) completed a treadmill walking protocol in an unloaded (baseline) condition and wearing a control, Tiered Body Armour System (TBAS) and five different armour types (cARM1-2, pARM1) with two load configurations (15 and 30kg) for a total of eight armour×load ensembles. In each ensemble, participants walked for 10min at 1.53ms-1 and 1.81ms-1 speeds. Whole-body marker kinematics and ground reaction forces were used, along with a scaled anatomic model, to determine peak lower-limb joint angles, net joint moments, and negative knee work. Peak parameters were compared between armour types, walking speeds, and carried loads using repeated measures ANOVAs. RESULTS: Peak plantarflexion and hip abduction moments were reduced when wearing cARM1 (p=0.040, p=0.045) and cARM2 (p=0.045, p=0.003) compared to TBAS, while carrying 30kg and/or walking fast. This suggests positive benefits of load distribution at higher task demands. Joint moments increased when participants carried greater load and/or walked faster, and the combined effects of carried load and walking speed were mostly additive. CONCLUSIONS: Primarily hip-borne load carriage does not negatively alter joint kinetics, and some positive adaptations occurred during tasks with higher demands. These results can inform equipment design and physical training programs for load carriage. SN - 1878-1861 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/30595163/Primarily_hip_borne_load_carriage_does_not_alter_biomechanical_risk_factors_for_overuse_injuries_in_soldiers_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -