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Dietary Fats in Relation to Total and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Prospective Cohort of 521 120 Individuals With 16 Years of Follow-Up.
Circ Res. 2019 03; 124(5):757-768.CircR

Abstract

RATIONALE

Evidence linking saturated fat intake with cardiovascular health is controversial. The associations of unsaturated fats with total and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality remain inconsistent, and data about non-CVD mortality are limited.

OBJECTIVE

To assess dietary fat intake in relation to total and cause-specific mortality.

METHODS AND RESULTS

We analyzed data of 521 120 participants aged 50 to 71 years from the National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons Diet and Health Study with 16 years of follow-up. Intakes of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), trans-fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were assessed via food frequency questionnaires. Hazard ratios and 95%CIs were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model. Overall, 129 328 deaths were documented during 7.3 million person-years of follow-up. In the replacement of carbohydrates, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of total mortality comparing extreme quintiles were 1.29 (95% CI, 1.25-1.33) for SFAs, 1.03 (1.00-1.05) for trans-fatty acids, 0.98 (0.94-1.02) for MUFAs, 1.09 (1.06-1.13) for animal MUFAs, 0.94 (0.91-0.97) for plant MUFAs, 0.93 (0.91-0.95) for PUFAs, 0.92 (0.90-0.94) for marine omega-3 PUFAs, 1.06 (1.03-1.09) for α-linolenic acid, 0.88 (0.86-0.91) for linoleic acid, and 1.10 (1.08-1.13) for arachidonic acid. CVD mortality was inversely associated with marine omega-3 PUFA intake (P trend <0.0001), whereas it was positively associated with SFA, trans-fatty acid, and arachidonic acid intake. Isocalorically replacing 5% of the energy from SFAs with plant MUFAs was associated with 15%, 10%, 11%, and 30% lower total mortality, CVD, cancer, and respiratory disease mortality, respectively. Isocaloric replacement of SFA with linoleic acid (2%) was associated with lower total (8%), CVD (6%), cancer (8%), respiratory disease (11%), and diabetes mellitus (9%) mortality.

CONCLUSIONS

Intakes of SFAs, trans-fatty acids, animal MUFAs, α-linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid were associated with higher mortality. Dietary intake of marine omega-3 PUFAs and replacing SFAs with plant MUFAs or linoleic acid were associated with lower total, CVD, and certain cause-specific mortality.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION

URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00340015.

Links

Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Zhuang P
Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (P.Z., Y.Z., X.C., J.C., L.H.).
Zhang Y
Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (P.Z., Y.Z., X.C., J.C., L.H.).
He W
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (W.H.).
Chen X
Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (P.Z., Y.Z., X.C., J.C., L.H.).
Chen J
Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (P.Z., Y.Z., X.C., J.C., L.H.).
He L
Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (P.Z., Y.Z., X.C., J.C., L.H.).
Mao L
From the Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (L.M., F.W., J.J.).
Wu F
From the Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (L.M., F.W., J.J.).
Jiao J
From the Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (L.M., F.W., J.J.).

MeSH

AgedArachidonic AcidCardiovascular DiseasesCause of DeathDietary FatsFatty AcidsFatty Acids, MonounsaturatedFatty Acids, Omega-3FemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisProspective StudiesProtective FactorsRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsTime FactorsTrans Fatty AcidsUnited Statesalpha-Linolenic Acid

Pub Type(s)

Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

30636521

Clinical Trial Links

Clinical trial which this article describes

Citation

Zhuang, Pan, et al. "Dietary Fats in Relation to Total and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Prospective Cohort of 521 120 Individuals With 16 Years of Follow-Up." Circulation Research, vol. 124, no. 5, 2019, pp. 757-768.
Zhuang P, Zhang Y, He W, et al. Dietary Fats in Relation to Total and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Prospective Cohort of 521 120 Individuals With 16 Years of Follow-Up. Circ Res. 2019;124(5):757-768.
Zhuang, P., Zhang, Y., He, W., Chen, X., Chen, J., He, L., Mao, L., Wu, F., & Jiao, J. (2019). Dietary Fats in Relation to Total and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Prospective Cohort of 521 120 Individuals With 16 Years of Follow-Up. Circulation Research, 124(5), 757-768. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.314038
Zhuang P, et al. Dietary Fats in Relation to Total and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Prospective Cohort of 521 120 Individuals With 16 Years of Follow-Up. Circ Res. 2019;124(5):757-768. PubMed PMID: 30636521.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary Fats in Relation to Total and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Prospective Cohort of 521 120 Individuals With 16 Years of Follow-Up. AU - Zhuang,Pan, AU - Zhang,Yu, AU - He,Wei, AU - Chen,Xiaoqian, AU - Chen,Jingnan, AU - He,Lilin, AU - Mao,Lei, AU - Wu,Fei, AU - Jiao,Jingjing, PY - 2019/1/15/pubmed PY - 2019/12/20/medline PY - 2019/1/15/entrez KW - cardiovascular diseases KW - diet KW - epidemiology KW - fatty acids KW - mortality SP - 757 EP - 768 JF - Circulation research JO - Circ Res VL - 124 IS - 5 N2 - RATIONALE: Evidence linking saturated fat intake with cardiovascular health is controversial. The associations of unsaturated fats with total and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality remain inconsistent, and data about non-CVD mortality are limited. OBJECTIVE: To assess dietary fat intake in relation to total and cause-specific mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed data of 521 120 participants aged 50 to 71 years from the National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons Diet and Health Study with 16 years of follow-up. Intakes of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), trans-fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were assessed via food frequency questionnaires. Hazard ratios and 95%CIs were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model. Overall, 129 328 deaths were documented during 7.3 million person-years of follow-up. In the replacement of carbohydrates, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of total mortality comparing extreme quintiles were 1.29 (95% CI, 1.25-1.33) for SFAs, 1.03 (1.00-1.05) for trans-fatty acids, 0.98 (0.94-1.02) for MUFAs, 1.09 (1.06-1.13) for animal MUFAs, 0.94 (0.91-0.97) for plant MUFAs, 0.93 (0.91-0.95) for PUFAs, 0.92 (0.90-0.94) for marine omega-3 PUFAs, 1.06 (1.03-1.09) for α-linolenic acid, 0.88 (0.86-0.91) for linoleic acid, and 1.10 (1.08-1.13) for arachidonic acid. CVD mortality was inversely associated with marine omega-3 PUFA intake (P trend <0.0001), whereas it was positively associated with SFA, trans-fatty acid, and arachidonic acid intake. Isocalorically replacing 5% of the energy from SFAs with plant MUFAs was associated with 15%, 10%, 11%, and 30% lower total mortality, CVD, cancer, and respiratory disease mortality, respectively. Isocaloric replacement of SFA with linoleic acid (2%) was associated with lower total (8%), CVD (6%), cancer (8%), respiratory disease (11%), and diabetes mellitus (9%) mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Intakes of SFAs, trans-fatty acids, animal MUFAs, α-linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid were associated with higher mortality. Dietary intake of marine omega-3 PUFAs and replacing SFAs with plant MUFAs or linoleic acid were associated with lower total, CVD, and certain cause-specific mortality. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00340015. SN - 1524-4571 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/30636521/Dietary_Fats_in_Relation_to_Total_and_Cause_Specific_Mortality_in_a_Prospective_Cohort_of_521_120_Individuals_With_16_Years_of_Follow_Up_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -