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Associations between dietary patterns and the risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
Breast Cancer Res. 2019 01 29; 21(1):16.BC

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Epidemiologic evidence suggests that certain dietary patterns were associated with breast cancer risk, but the results have been inconclusive. We assessed the associations between different dietary patterns and the risk of breast cancer by conducting a meta-analysis of observational studies.

METHODS

Relevant articles were searched in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases through September 2017. Multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing the highest and lowest categories of Western and prudent dietary patterns were combined by using the random-effects meta-analyses.

RESULTS

We identified 32 eligible articles including 14 cohort and 18 case-control studies (34 Western and 35 prudent studies). The pooled analyses found that a Western dietary pattern was associated with a 14% increased risk (RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02, 1.28), whereas a prudent dietary pattern was associated with an 18% reduced risk of breast cancer (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.75, 0.89). In addition, sub-group analyses showed that the positive association between a Western dietary pattern and breast cancer risk was significant among postmenopausal (RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.06, 1.35), but not premenopausal women (RR 1.18, 95% CI 0.99, 1.40), and significant for hormone receptor-positive tumors (RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04, 1.33), but not receptor-negative tumors (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.83, 1.12). In contrast, the inverse association between a prudent dietary pattern and breast cancer was significant in premenopausal (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.61, 0.98), but not postmenopausal women (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.74, 1.03), and significant for both hormone receptor-positive and receptor-negative tumors.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of the current meta-analysis suggest a possible increased risk of breast cancer associated with a Western dietary pattern and a reduced risk with a prudent dietary pattern. Large-scale cohort studies with a high quality need to be conducted to further confirm the findings of the current meta-analysis. As dietary patterns are modifiable, these findings may provide viable strategies for breast cancer prevention through changes in dietary intake.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Xiao Y
Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Xia J
Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Li L
MPH Education Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
Ke Y
Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Cheng J
Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Xie Y
School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
Chu W
Department of Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Cheung P
Hong Kong Breast Cancer Foundation, Hong Kong, China.
Kim JH
School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Colditz GA
Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center and Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Tamimi RM
Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. rulla.tamimi@channing.harvard.edu. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. rulla.tamimi@channing.harvard.edu.
Su X
MPH Education Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China. suxf@stu.edu.cn.

MeSH

Breast NeoplasmsDiet, HealthyDiet, WesternFeeding BehaviorFemaleHumansNutrition AssessmentObservational Studies as TopicRisk Factors

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Meta-Analysis
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Systematic Review

Language

eng

PubMed ID

30696460

Citation

Xiao, Yunjun, et al. "Associations Between Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Breast Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies." Breast Cancer Research : BCR, vol. 21, no. 1, 2019, p. 16.
Xiao Y, Xia J, Li L, et al. Associations between dietary patterns and the risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Breast Cancer Res. 2019;21(1):16.
Xiao, Y., Xia, J., Li, L., Ke, Y., Cheng, J., Xie, Y., Chu, W., Cheung, P., Kim, J. H., Colditz, G. A., Tamimi, R. M., & Su, X. (2019). Associations between dietary patterns and the risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Breast Cancer Research : BCR, 21(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-019-1096-1
Xiao Y, et al. Associations Between Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Breast Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies. Breast Cancer Res. 2019 01 29;21(1):16. PubMed PMID: 30696460.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Associations between dietary patterns and the risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. AU - Xiao,Yunjun, AU - Xia,Junjie, AU - Li,Liping, AU - Ke,Yuebin, AU - Cheng,Jinquan, AU - Xie,Yaojie, AU - Chu,Winnie, AU - Cheung,Polly, AU - Kim,Jean Hee, AU - Colditz,Graham A, AU - Tamimi,Rulla M, AU - Su,Xuefen, Y1 - 2019/01/29/ PY - 2018/02/06/received PY - 2019/01/04/accepted PY - 2019/1/31/entrez PY - 2019/1/31/pubmed PY - 2019/7/23/medline KW - Breast cancer KW - Dietary patterns KW - Meta-analysis KW - Observational studies SP - 16 EP - 16 JF - Breast cancer research : BCR JO - Breast Cancer Res VL - 21 IS - 1 N2 - BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic evidence suggests that certain dietary patterns were associated with breast cancer risk, but the results have been inconclusive. We assessed the associations between different dietary patterns and the risk of breast cancer by conducting a meta-analysis of observational studies. METHODS: Relevant articles were searched in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases through September 2017. Multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing the highest and lowest categories of Western and prudent dietary patterns were combined by using the random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS: We identified 32 eligible articles including 14 cohort and 18 case-control studies (34 Western and 35 prudent studies). The pooled analyses found that a Western dietary pattern was associated with a 14% increased risk (RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02, 1.28), whereas a prudent dietary pattern was associated with an 18% reduced risk of breast cancer (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.75, 0.89). In addition, sub-group analyses showed that the positive association between a Western dietary pattern and breast cancer risk was significant among postmenopausal (RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.06, 1.35), but not premenopausal women (RR 1.18, 95% CI 0.99, 1.40), and significant for hormone receptor-positive tumors (RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04, 1.33), but not receptor-negative tumors (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.83, 1.12). In contrast, the inverse association between a prudent dietary pattern and breast cancer was significant in premenopausal (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.61, 0.98), but not postmenopausal women (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.74, 1.03), and significant for both hormone receptor-positive and receptor-negative tumors. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the current meta-analysis suggest a possible increased risk of breast cancer associated with a Western dietary pattern and a reduced risk with a prudent dietary pattern. Large-scale cohort studies with a high quality need to be conducted to further confirm the findings of the current meta-analysis. As dietary patterns are modifiable, these findings may provide viable strategies for breast cancer prevention through changes in dietary intake. SN - 1465-542X UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/30696460/Associations_between_dietary_patterns_and_the_risk_of_breast_cancer:_a_systematic_review_and_meta_analysis_of_observational_studies_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -