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Synergic Laxative Effects of an Herbal Mixture of Liriope platyphylla, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and Cinnamomum cassia in Loperamide-Induced Constipation of Sprague Dawley Rats.
J Med Food. 2019 Mar; 22(3):294-304.JM

Abstract

Constipation is an acute or chronic illness attributed to various causes, ranging from lifestyle habits to side effects of a disease. To improve the laxative effects of some traditional medicines, herbal mixtures of Liriope platyphylla, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and Cinnamomum cassia (LGC) were evaluated for their mechanism of action and therapeutic effects in loperamide (Lop)-induced constipated Sprague Dawley rats by examining alterations in excretion parameters, histological structure, mucin secretion, and related protein levels. Food intake and water consumption were constant for all animals. We observed that the Lop+LGC-treated group had significantly greater excretion of stool and urine than was observed in the Lop+Vehicle-treated group. Administration of LGC in the constipation model restored the intestinal transit ratio to normal levels, and increased the number of goblet cells, mucosal layer, and muscle thickness. Mucin secretion was greater in the Lop+LGC-treated group than in the Lop+Vehicle-treated group, and the expression of MUC2 and AQP8 genes were also increased. In addition, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot revealed an increase in the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in the Lop+LGC-treated group compared to the Lop+Vehicle-treated group. Furthermore, compared with the Lop+Vehicle-treated group, treatment with LGC reduced the phosphorylation of PKC and PI3K, and expression of Gα protein, but increased levels of IP3. Our results suggest that the traditional herbal mixture of LGC induces a potent laxative effect in Lop-induced constipation through mucosal tissue changes and mucin production. We also demonstrated that the laxative effect of LGC is closely related to the expression of mAChR and its downstream signals, suggesting the possibility of developing a constipation-laxative agent using LGC.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea.

1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea.

1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea.

1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea.

1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea.

1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea.

1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea.

2 College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungju, Korea.

3 Biomedical Science Institute, Changwon National University, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea.

1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea.

MeSH

AnimalsAquaporinsCinnamomum aromaticumConstipationDrug SynergismGlycyrrhiza uralensisLaxativesLiriope PlantLoperamideMaleMucin-2Plant ExtractsRatsRats, Sprague-Dawley

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

30724689

Citation

Kim, Ji Eun, et al. "Synergic Laxative Effects of an Herbal Mixture of Liriope Platyphylla, Glycyrrhiza Uralensis, and Cinnamomum Cassia in Loperamide-Induced Constipation of Sprague Dawley Rats." Journal of Medicinal Food, vol. 22, no. 3, 2019, pp. 294-304.

Kim JE, Yun WB, Lee ML, et al. Synergic Laxative Effects of an Herbal Mixture of Liriope platyphylla, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and Cinnamomum cassia in Loperamide-Induced Constipation of Sprague Dawley Rats. J Med Food. 2019;22(3):294-304.

Kim, J. E., Yun, W. B., Lee, M. L., Choi, J. Y., Park, J. J., Kim, H. R., Song, B. R., Hong, J. T., Song, H. K., & Hwang, D. Y. (2019). Synergic Laxative Effects of an Herbal Mixture of Liriope platyphylla, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and Cinnamomum cassia in Loperamide-Induced Constipation of Sprague Dawley Rats. Journal of Medicinal Food, 22(3), 294-304. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2018.4234

Kim JE, et al. Synergic Laxative Effects of an Herbal Mixture of Liriope Platyphylla, Glycyrrhiza Uralensis, and Cinnamomum Cassia in Loperamide-Induced Constipation of Sprague Dawley Rats. J Med Food. 2019;22(3):294-304. PubMed PMID: 30724689.

* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case

TY - JOUR T1 - Synergic Laxative Effects of an Herbal Mixture of Liriope platyphylla, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and Cinnamomum cassia in Loperamide-Induced Constipation of Sprague Dawley Rats. AU - Kim,Ji Eun, AU - Yun,Woo Bin, AU - Lee,Mi Lim, AU - Choi,Jun Young, AU - Park,Jin Ju, AU - Kim,Hye Ryeong, AU - Song,Bo Ram, AU - Hong,Jin Tae, AU - Song,Hyun Keun, AU - Hwang,Dae Youn, Y1 - 2019/02/06/ PY - 2019/2/7/pubmed PY - 2019/6/27/medline PY - 2019/2/7/entrez KW - SP - 294 EP - 304 JF - Journal of medicinal food JO - J Med Food VL - 22 IS - 3 N2 - Constipation is an acute or chronic illness attributed to various causes, ranging from lifestyle habits to side effects of a disease. To improve the laxative effects of some traditional medicines, herbal mixtures of Liriope platyphylla, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and Cinnamomum cassia (LGC) were evaluated for their mechanism of action and therapeutic effects in loperamide (Lop)-induced constipated Sprague Dawley rats by examining alterations in excretion parameters, histological structure, mucin secretion, and related protein levels. Food intake and water consumption were constant for all animals. We observed that the Lop+LGC-treated group had significantly greater excretion of stool and urine than was observed in the Lop+Vehicle-treated group. Administration of LGC in the constipation model restored the intestinal transit ratio to normal levels, and increased the number of goblet cells, mucosal layer, and muscle thickness. Mucin secretion was greater in the Lop+LGC-treated group than in the Lop+Vehicle-treated group, and the expression of MUC2 and AQP8 genes were also increased. In addition, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot revealed an increase in the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in the Lop+LGC-treated group compared to the Lop+Vehicle-treated group. Furthermore, compared with the Lop+Vehicle-treated group, treatment with LGC reduced the phosphorylation of PKC and PI3K, and expression of Gα protein, but increased levels of IP3. Our results suggest that the traditional herbal mixture of LGC induces a potent laxative effect in Lop-induced constipation through mucosal tissue changes and mucin production. We also demonstrated that the laxative effect of LGC is closely related to the expression of mAChR and its downstream signals, suggesting the possibility of developing a constipation-laxative agent using LGC. SN - 1557-7600 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/30724689/Synergic_Laxative_Effects_of_an_Herbal_Mixture_of_Liriope_platyphylla_Glycyrrhiza_uralensis_and_Cinnamomum_cassia_in_Loperamide_Induced_Constipation_of_Sprague_Dawley_Rats_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -