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Environmental toxicants in breast milk of Norwegian mothers and gut bacteria composition and metabolites in their infants at 1 month.
Microbiome. 2019 02 27; 7(1):34.M

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Early disruption of the microbial community may influence life-long health. Environmental toxicants can contaminate breast milk and the developing infant gut microbiome is directly exposed. We investigated whether environmental toxicants in breastmilk affect the composition and function of the infant gut microbiome at 1 month. We measured environmental toxicants in breastmilk, fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and gut microbial composition from 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing using samples from 267 mother-child pairs in the Norwegian Microbiota Cohort (NoMIC). We tested 28 chemical exposures: polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated flame retardants (PBDEs), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), and organochlorine pesticides. We assessed chemical exposure and alpha diversity/SCFAs using elastic net regression modeling and generalized linear models, adjusting for confounders, and variation in beta diversity (UniFrac), taxa abundance (ANCOM), and predicted metagenomes (PiCRUSt) in low, medium, and high exposed groups.

RESULTS

PBDE-28 and the surfactant perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) were associated with less microbiome diversity. Some sub-OTUs of Lactobacillus, an important genus in early life, were lower in abundance in samples from infants with relative "high" (> 80th percentile) vs. "low" (< 20th percentile) toxicant exposure in this cohort. Moreover, breast milk toxicants were associated with microbiome functionality, explaining up to 34% of variance in acetic and propionic SCFAs, essential signaling molecules. Per one standard deviation of exposure, PBDE-28 was associated with less propionic acid (- 24% [95% CI - 35% to - 14%] relative to the mean), and PCB-209 with less acetic acid (- 15% [95% CI - 29% to - 0.4%]). Conversely, PFOA and dioxin-like PCB-167 were associated with 61% (95% CI 35% to 87%) and 22% (95% CI 8% to 35%) more propionic and acetic acid, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Environmental toxicant exposure may influence infant gut microbial function during a critical developmental window. Future studies are needed to replicate these novel findings and investigate whether this has any impact on child health.

Links

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Iszatt N
Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway.
Janssen S
Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany.
Lenters V
Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway.
Dahl C
Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, Fredrik Holsts hus, 0450, Oslo, Norway.
Stigum H
Department of Non-communicable Disease, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway.
Knight R
Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Mandal S
Public Health Foundation of India, Delhi NCR, Plot No. 47, Sector 44, Institutional Area Gurgaon, Gurgaon 122002, India.
Peddada S
Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27709, USA.
González A
Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Midtvedt T
Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Nobels väg 16, Solna Campus, Box 280, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
Eggesbø M
Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway. merete.eggesbo@fhi.no.

MeSH

AdultBacteriaBiodiversityCohort StudiesDNA, BacterialDNA, RibosomalEnvironmental PollutantsFatty Acids, VolatileFecesFlame RetardantsGastrointestinal MicrobiomeHumansHydrocarbons, ChlorinatedInfant, NewbornMaternal AgeMetabolomicsMilk, HumanNorwayPesticidesPolychlorinated BiphenylsRNA, Ribosomal, 16SSequence Analysis, DNA

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

30813950

Citation

Iszatt, Nina, et al. "Environmental Toxicants in Breast Milk of Norwegian Mothers and Gut Bacteria Composition and Metabolites in Their Infants at 1 Month." Microbiome, vol. 7, no. 1, 2019, p. 34.
Iszatt N, Janssen S, Lenters V, et al. Environmental toxicants in breast milk of Norwegian mothers and gut bacteria composition and metabolites in their infants at 1 month. Microbiome. 2019;7(1):34.
Iszatt, N., Janssen, S., Lenters, V., Dahl, C., Stigum, H., Knight, R., Mandal, S., Peddada, S., González, A., Midtvedt, T., & Eggesbø, M. (2019). Environmental toxicants in breast milk of Norwegian mothers and gut bacteria composition and metabolites in their infants at 1 month. Microbiome, 7(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-019-0645-2
Iszatt N, et al. Environmental Toxicants in Breast Milk of Norwegian Mothers and Gut Bacteria Composition and Metabolites in Their Infants at 1 Month. Microbiome. 2019 02 27;7(1):34. PubMed PMID: 30813950.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental toxicants in breast milk of Norwegian mothers and gut bacteria composition and metabolites in their infants at 1 month. AU - Iszatt,Nina, AU - Janssen,Stefan, AU - Lenters,Virissa, AU - Dahl,Cecilie, AU - Stigum,Hein, AU - Knight,Rob, AU - Mandal,Siddhartha, AU - Peddada,Shyamal, AU - González,Antonio, AU - Midtvedt,Tore, AU - Eggesbø,Merete, Y1 - 2019/02/27/ PY - 2018/09/28/received PY - 2019/02/03/accepted PY - 2019/3/1/entrez PY - 2019/3/1/pubmed PY - 2019/6/14/medline KW - Birth cohort KW - Breast milk KW - Infant gut microbiome KW - Short-chain fatty acids KW - Toxicants SP - 34 EP - 34 JF - Microbiome JO - Microbiome VL - 7 IS - 1 N2 - BACKGROUND: Early disruption of the microbial community may influence life-long health. Environmental toxicants can contaminate breast milk and the developing infant gut microbiome is directly exposed. We investigated whether environmental toxicants in breastmilk affect the composition and function of the infant gut microbiome at 1 month. We measured environmental toxicants in breastmilk, fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and gut microbial composition from 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing using samples from 267 mother-child pairs in the Norwegian Microbiota Cohort (NoMIC). We tested 28 chemical exposures: polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated flame retardants (PBDEs), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), and organochlorine pesticides. We assessed chemical exposure and alpha diversity/SCFAs using elastic net regression modeling and generalized linear models, adjusting for confounders, and variation in beta diversity (UniFrac), taxa abundance (ANCOM), and predicted metagenomes (PiCRUSt) in low, medium, and high exposed groups. RESULTS: PBDE-28 and the surfactant perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) were associated with less microbiome diversity. Some sub-OTUs of Lactobacillus, an important genus in early life, were lower in abundance in samples from infants with relative "high" (> 80th percentile) vs. "low" (< 20th percentile) toxicant exposure in this cohort. Moreover, breast milk toxicants were associated with microbiome functionality, explaining up to 34% of variance in acetic and propionic SCFAs, essential signaling molecules. Per one standard deviation of exposure, PBDE-28 was associated with less propionic acid (- 24% [95% CI - 35% to - 14%] relative to the mean), and PCB-209 with less acetic acid (- 15% [95% CI - 29% to - 0.4%]). Conversely, PFOA and dioxin-like PCB-167 were associated with 61% (95% CI 35% to 87%) and 22% (95% CI 8% to 35%) more propionic and acetic acid, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Environmental toxicant exposure may influence infant gut microbial function during a critical developmental window. Future studies are needed to replicate these novel findings and investigate whether this has any impact on child health. SN - 2049-2618 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/30813950/Environmental_toxicants_in_breast_milk_of_Norwegian_mothers_and_gut_bacteria_composition_and_metabolites_in_their_infants_at_1 month_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -
Grapherence [↓40 ↑66]

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