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Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin Production in Raw and Pasteurized Milk: The Effect of Selected Different Storage Durations and Temperatures.
Breastfeed Med. 2019 05; 14(4):256-261.BM

Abstract

Introduction: S. aureus is one of the most prevalent potential pathogenic bacteria found in DHM. Some strains produce heat stable enterotoxins that are able to survive pasteurization. These enterotoxins have been associated with gastritis and potentially necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of different storage temperatures on Staphylococcus aureus growth and enterotoxin A and B production in raw and Holder pasteurized donor human milk (DHM). Materials and

Methods:

Raw and pasteurized DHM were inoculated with enterotoxin A and B producing S. aureus. Samples were incubated at 4°C (10 days), 21°C, and 37°C (18 hours). Bacterial growth and enterotoxin A and B were quantified.

Results:

S. aureus count increased in pasteurized DHM. Bacterial count decreased in the raw milk when incubated at 21°C and 4°C and slightly increased when incubated at 37°C. Enterotoxins A and B were only detected in pasteurized DHM at 37°C from 9 hours onward.

Conclusion:

This study showed that raw milk is capable of suppressing S. aureus growth compared to pasteurized DHM. It also provides a measure of assurance of the safety of raw and pasteurized DHM when refrigerated or left at room temperature for a few hours.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Almutawif Y
1 Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia. 2 Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia. 3 Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.
Hartmann B
4 Perron Rotary Express Milk Bank, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Australia. 5 Centre for Neonatal Research and Education, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia. 6 School of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.
Lloyd M
2 Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia. 3 Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia. 6 School of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia. 7 School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.
Lai CT
8 Faculty of Science, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia (M310), Crawley, Australia.
Rea A
9 Centre for Applied Statistics, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.
Geddes D
8 Faculty of Science, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia (M310), Crawley, Australia.

MeSH

EnterotoxinsFemaleFood ContaminationFood MicrobiologyHot TemperatureHumansLinear ModelsMilk BanksMilk, HumanPasteurizationStaphylococcus aureusWestern Australia

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

30844297

Citation

Almutawif, Yahya, et al. "Staphylococcus Aureus Enterotoxin Production in Raw and Pasteurized Milk: the Effect of Selected Different Storage Durations and Temperatures." Breastfeeding Medicine : the Official Journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine, vol. 14, no. 4, 2019, pp. 256-261.
Almutawif Y, Hartmann B, Lloyd M, et al. Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin Production in Raw and Pasteurized Milk: The Effect of Selected Different Storage Durations and Temperatures. Breastfeed Med. 2019;14(4):256-261.
Almutawif, Y., Hartmann, B., Lloyd, M., Lai, C. T., Rea, A., & Geddes, D. (2019). Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin Production in Raw and Pasteurized Milk: The Effect of Selected Different Storage Durations and Temperatures. Breastfeeding Medicine : the Official Journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine, 14(4), 256-261. https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2018.0227
Almutawif Y, et al. Staphylococcus Aureus Enterotoxin Production in Raw and Pasteurized Milk: the Effect of Selected Different Storage Durations and Temperatures. Breastfeed Med. 2019;14(4):256-261. PubMed PMID: 30844297.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin Production in Raw and Pasteurized Milk: The Effect of Selected Different Storage Durations and Temperatures. AU - Almutawif,Yahya, AU - Hartmann,Benjamin, AU - Lloyd,Megan, AU - Lai,Ching Tat, AU - Rea,Alethea, AU - Geddes,Donna, Y1 - 2019/03/07/ PY - 2019/3/8/pubmed PY - 2020/2/7/medline PY - 2019/3/8/entrez KW - KW - Holder pasteurization KW - enterotoxin KW - heat treatment KW - human milk SP - 256 EP - 261 JF - Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine JO - Breastfeed Med VL - 14 IS - 4 N2 - Introduction: S. aureus is one of the most prevalent potential pathogenic bacteria found in DHM. Some strains produce heat stable enterotoxins that are able to survive pasteurization. These enterotoxins have been associated with gastritis and potentially necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of different storage temperatures on Staphylococcus aureus growth and enterotoxin A and B production in raw and Holder pasteurized donor human milk (DHM). Materials and Methods: Raw and pasteurized DHM were inoculated with enterotoxin A and B producing S. aureus. Samples were incubated at 4°C (10 days), 21°C, and 37°C (18 hours). Bacterial growth and enterotoxin A and B were quantified. Results: S. aureus count increased in pasteurized DHM. Bacterial count decreased in the raw milk when incubated at 21°C and 4°C and slightly increased when incubated at 37°C. Enterotoxins A and B were only detected in pasteurized DHM at 37°C from 9 hours onward. Conclusion: This study showed that raw milk is capable of suppressing S. aureus growth compared to pasteurized DHM. It also provides a measure of assurance of the safety of raw and pasteurized DHM when refrigerated or left at room temperature for a few hours. SN - 1556-8342 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/30844297/Staphylococcus_aureus_Enterotoxin_Production_in_Raw_and_Pasteurized_Milk:_The_Effect_of_Selected_Different_Storage_Durations_and_Temperatures_ L2 - https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/bfm.2018.0227?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub=pubmed DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -