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Intake of Meat, Fish, Fruits, and Vegetables and Long-Term Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2019; 68(2):711-722.JA

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The links between diet and the risk of dementia have never been studied considering the possibility of protopathic bias (i.e., reverse causation).

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to examine the relationship between consumption frequency of meat, fish, fruits, and vegetables and long-term risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD), by taking into account this possibility.

METHODS

We analyzed data of 5,934 volunteers aged 65 and over from the Three-city study who were followed every 2 to 4 years for 12 years. Dietary habits were assessed at inclusion using a brief food frequency questionnaire. The presence of symptoms of dementia was investigated at each follow-up visit. To limit the risk of protopathic bias, a 4-year lag window between exposure and disease assessment was implemented by excluding from the analyses all dementia cases that occurred during the first four years after inclusion. Analyses were performed using a Cox proportional hazard model and were adjusted for socio-demographic, lifestyle, and health factors.

RESULTS

The average follow-up time was 9.8 years. During this period, 662 cases of dementia, including 466 of AD, were identified. After adjustment, only low meat consumption (≤1 time/week) was associated with an increased risk of dementia and AD compared with regular consumption (≥4 times/week) (HR = 1.58 95% CI = [1.17-2.14], HR = 1.67 95% CI = [1.18-2.37], respectively). No association was found between the consumption of fish, raw fruits, or cooked fruits and vegetables and the risk of dementia or AD.

CONCLUSION

These findings suggest very low meat consumption increases the long-term risk of dementia and AD, and that a protopathic bias could have impacted finding from previous studies.

Links

Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Ngabirano L
University of Montpellier, Inserm, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, UMR, Montpellier, France.
Samieri C
University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR, Bordeaux, France.
Feart C
University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR, Bordeaux, France.
Gabelle A
University of Montpellier, Inserm, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, UMR, Montpellier, France. CMRR, Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac University Hospital, Montpellier, France.
Artero S
University of Montpellier, Inserm, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, UMR, Montpellier, France.
Duflos C
Department of Medical Information, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
Berr C
University of Montpellier, Inserm, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, UMR, Montpellier, France. CMRR, Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac University Hospital, Montpellier, France.
Mura T
University of Montpellier, Inserm, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, UMR, Montpellier, France. Department of Medical Information, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.

MeSH

AgedAged, 80 and overAlzheimer DiseaseAnimalsCohort StudiesDementiaEatingFeeding BehaviorFemaleFishesFollow-Up StudiesFranceFruitHumansMaleMeatProspective StudiesRisk FactorsSurveys and QuestionnairesTime FactorsVegetables

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

30883348

Citation

Ngabirano, Laure, et al. "Intake of Meat, Fish, Fruits, and Vegetables and Long-Term Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD, vol. 68, no. 2, 2019, pp. 711-722.
Ngabirano L, Samieri C, Feart C, et al. Intake of Meat, Fish, Fruits, and Vegetables and Long-Term Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2019;68(2):711-722.
Ngabirano, L., Samieri, C., Feart, C., Gabelle, A., Artero, S., Duflos, C., Berr, C., & Mura, T. (2019). Intake of Meat, Fish, Fruits, and Vegetables and Long-Term Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD, 68(2), 711-722. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-180919
Ngabirano L, et al. Intake of Meat, Fish, Fruits, and Vegetables and Long-Term Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2019;68(2):711-722. PubMed PMID: 30883348.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Intake of Meat, Fish, Fruits, and Vegetables and Long-Term Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease. AU - Ngabirano,Laure, AU - Samieri,Cecilia, AU - Feart,Catherine, AU - Gabelle,Audrey, AU - Artero,Sylvaine, AU - Duflos,Claire, AU - Berr,Claudine, AU - Mura,Thibault, PY - 2019/3/19/pubmed PY - 2020/7/23/medline PY - 2019/3/19/entrez KW - Cohort KW - dementia KW - fish KW - meat KW - protopathic bias KW - reverse causation SP - 711 EP - 722 JF - Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD JO - J Alzheimers Dis VL - 68 IS - 2 N2 - BACKGROUND: The links between diet and the risk of dementia have never been studied considering the possibility of protopathic bias (i.e., reverse causation). OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine the relationship between consumption frequency of meat, fish, fruits, and vegetables and long-term risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD), by taking into account this possibility. METHODS: We analyzed data of 5,934 volunteers aged 65 and over from the Three-city study who were followed every 2 to 4 years for 12 years. Dietary habits were assessed at inclusion using a brief food frequency questionnaire. The presence of symptoms of dementia was investigated at each follow-up visit. To limit the risk of protopathic bias, a 4-year lag window between exposure and disease assessment was implemented by excluding from the analyses all dementia cases that occurred during the first four years after inclusion. Analyses were performed using a Cox proportional hazard model and were adjusted for socio-demographic, lifestyle, and health factors. RESULTS: The average follow-up time was 9.8 years. During this period, 662 cases of dementia, including 466 of AD, were identified. After adjustment, only low meat consumption (≤1 time/week) was associated with an increased risk of dementia and AD compared with regular consumption (≥4 times/week) (HR = 1.58 95% CI = [1.17-2.14], HR = 1.67 95% CI = [1.18-2.37], respectively). No association was found between the consumption of fish, raw fruits, or cooked fruits and vegetables and the risk of dementia or AD. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest very low meat consumption increases the long-term risk of dementia and AD, and that a protopathic bias could have impacted finding from previous studies. SN - 1875-8908 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/30883348/Intake_of_Meat_Fish_Fruits_and_Vegetables_and_Long_Term_Risk_of_Dementia_and_Alzheimer's_Disease_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -