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Effects of Rhizophagus clarus and biochar on growth, photosynthesis, nutrients, and cadmium (Cd) concentration of maize (Zea mays) grown in Cd-spiked soil.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Jul; 26(20):20689-20700.ES

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) toxicity in agricultural crops is a widespread problem. Little is known about biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) effect on Cd concentration in maize plant either applied separately or in combination. Current study was performed to demonstrate effects of biochar and Rhizophagus clarus on plant growth, photosynthesis activity, nutrients (P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Mn), and Cd concentration in maize grown in Cd-spiked soil. The alkaline soil was spiked by Cd factor at three levels: 0 (Cd 0), 5 (Cd 5), and 10 (Cd 10) mg/kg; biochar factor at two levels: 0 and 1%; and mycorrhizal inoculum factor at two levels: MF0 and MF1 (R. clraus). Plants were harvested after 70 days of seed germination, and various morphological and physiological parameters, as well as elemental concentration and root colonization, were recorded. Addition of biochar increased plant biomass by 21% (Cd 5) and 93% (Cd 10), MF1 enhanced by 53% (Cd 0) and 69% (Cd 10), while biochar + MF1 enhanced dry plant biomass by 70% (Cd 0) and 94% (Cd 10). Results showed maximum increase of 94% (Cd 10) in plant biomass was observed in Cd-spiked soil. Root colonization decreased proportionally by increasing Cd concentration and at Cd 10, colonization was 36.7% and 31.7% for MF1 and biochar + MF1 treatments, respectively. Besides that, addition of biochar enhanced root attributes (root length, volume, and surface area) by 34-58% compared to control in Cd 10. The MF1 increased these attributes by 11-78% while biochar + MF1 enhanced by 32-61% in Cd-spiked soil. However, biochar + MF1 neutralized Cd stress in maize plant for gaseous attributes (assimilation rate, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2, and stomatal conductance). The MF1 enhanced Cd concentration in plant as it was 3.32 mg/kg in Cd 5 and 6.73 mg/kg in Cd 10 treatments while addition of biochar phytostabilized Cd and reduced its concentration in plants by 2.0 mg/kg in Cd 5 and 4.27 mg/kg in Cd 10. The biochar + MF1 had 2.9 mg/kg and 4.8 mg/kg Cd concentration in Cd 5 and Cd 10 plants, respectively. Phosphorus concentration was augmented in shoots (up to 26%) and roots (up to 20%) of maize plant in biochar-amended soil than control plants. In biochar + MF1, concentration of P was 1.01% and 0.73% in Cd 5 and Cd 10, respectively. It is concluded that biochar + MF1 treatment enhances plant biomass while addition of sole biochar reduced Cd uptake, slightly indifferent to earlier treatment.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Rafique M
Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan. Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Cukurova University, 1150, Adana, Turkey.
Ortas I
Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Cukurova University, 1150, Adana, Turkey.
Rizwan M
Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan. mrazi1532@yahoo.com.
Sultan T
Land Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
Chaudhary HJ
Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan. hassaan_javed@yahoo.com.
Işik M
Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Cukurova University, 1150, Adana, Turkey.
Aydin O
Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Cukurova University, 1150, Adana, Turkey.

MeSH

BiomassCadmiumCharcoalGlomeromycotaMycorrhizaeNutrientsPhotosynthesisPlant RootsSoil PollutantsZea mays

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

31104234

Citation

Rafique, Mazhar, et al. "Effects of Rhizophagus Clarus and Biochar On Growth, Photosynthesis, Nutrients, and Cadmium (Cd) Concentration of Maize (Zea Mays) Grown in Cd-spiked Soil." Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, vol. 26, no. 20, 2019, pp. 20689-20700.
Rafique M, Ortas I, Rizwan M, et al. Effects of Rhizophagus clarus and biochar on growth, photosynthesis, nutrients, and cadmium (Cd) concentration of maize (Zea mays) grown in Cd-spiked soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019;26(20):20689-20700.
Rafique, M., Ortas, I., Rizwan, M., Sultan, T., Chaudhary, H. J., Işik, M., & Aydin, O. (2019). Effects of Rhizophagus clarus and biochar on growth, photosynthesis, nutrients, and cadmium (Cd) concentration of maize (Zea mays) grown in Cd-spiked soil. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 26(20), 20689-20700. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05323-7
Rafique M, et al. Effects of Rhizophagus Clarus and Biochar On Growth, Photosynthesis, Nutrients, and Cadmium (Cd) Concentration of Maize (Zea Mays) Grown in Cd-spiked Soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019;26(20):20689-20700. PubMed PMID: 31104234.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Rhizophagus clarus and biochar on growth, photosynthesis, nutrients, and cadmium (Cd) concentration of maize (Zea mays) grown in Cd-spiked soil. AU - Rafique,Mazhar, AU - Ortas,Ibrahim, AU - Rizwan,Muhammad, AU - Sultan,Tariq, AU - Chaudhary,Hassan Javed, AU - Işik,Mehmet, AU - Aydin,Oğuzhan, Y1 - 2019/05/18/ PY - 2018/12/01/received PY - 2019/04/30/accepted PY - 2019/5/20/pubmed PY - 2019/9/11/medline PY - 2019/5/20/entrez KW - Gaseous exchange KW - Nutrients KW - Phragmites KW - Rhizophagus clarus KW - Root colonization SP - 20689 EP - 20700 JF - Environmental science and pollution research international JO - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int VL - 26 IS - 20 N2 - Cadmium (Cd) toxicity in agricultural crops is a widespread problem. Little is known about biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) effect on Cd concentration in maize plant either applied separately or in combination. Current study was performed to demonstrate effects of biochar and Rhizophagus clarus on plant growth, photosynthesis activity, nutrients (P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Mn), and Cd concentration in maize grown in Cd-spiked soil. The alkaline soil was spiked by Cd factor at three levels: 0 (Cd 0), 5 (Cd 5), and 10 (Cd 10) mg/kg; biochar factor at two levels: 0 and 1%; and mycorrhizal inoculum factor at two levels: MF0 and MF1 (R. clraus). Plants were harvested after 70 days of seed germination, and various morphological and physiological parameters, as well as elemental concentration and root colonization, were recorded. Addition of biochar increased plant biomass by 21% (Cd 5) and 93% (Cd 10), MF1 enhanced by 53% (Cd 0) and 69% (Cd 10), while biochar + MF1 enhanced dry plant biomass by 70% (Cd 0) and 94% (Cd 10). Results showed maximum increase of 94% (Cd 10) in plant biomass was observed in Cd-spiked soil. Root colonization decreased proportionally by increasing Cd concentration and at Cd 10, colonization was 36.7% and 31.7% for MF1 and biochar + MF1 treatments, respectively. Besides that, addition of biochar enhanced root attributes (root length, volume, and surface area) by 34-58% compared to control in Cd 10. The MF1 increased these attributes by 11-78% while biochar + MF1 enhanced by 32-61% in Cd-spiked soil. However, biochar + MF1 neutralized Cd stress in maize plant for gaseous attributes (assimilation rate, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2, and stomatal conductance). The MF1 enhanced Cd concentration in plant as it was 3.32 mg/kg in Cd 5 and 6.73 mg/kg in Cd 10 treatments while addition of biochar phytostabilized Cd and reduced its concentration in plants by 2.0 mg/kg in Cd 5 and 4.27 mg/kg in Cd 10. The biochar + MF1 had 2.9 mg/kg and 4.8 mg/kg Cd concentration in Cd 5 and Cd 10 plants, respectively. Phosphorus concentration was augmented in shoots (up to 26%) and roots (up to 20%) of maize plant in biochar-amended soil than control plants. In biochar + MF1, concentration of P was 1.01% and 0.73% in Cd 5 and Cd 10, respectively. It is concluded that biochar + MF1 treatment enhances plant biomass while addition of sole biochar reduced Cd uptake, slightly indifferent to earlier treatment. SN - 1614-7499 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/31104234/Effects_of_Rhizophagus_clarus_and_biochar_on_growth_photosynthesis_nutrients_and_cadmium__Cd__concentration_of_maize__Zea_mays__grown_in_Cd_spiked_soil_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -