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Cadmium contamination in agricultural soils of China and the impact on food safety.
Environ Pollut. 2019 Jun; 249:1038-1048.EP

Abstract

Rapid industrialization in China during the last three decades has resulted in widespread contamination of Cd in agricultural soils. A considerable proportion of the rice grain grown in some areas of southern China has Cd concentrations exceeding the Chinese food limit, raising widespread concern regarding food safety. In this review, we summarize rice grain Cd concentrations in national Chinese markets and in field surveys from contaminated areas, and analyze the potential health risk associated with increased dietary Cd intake. For subsistence rice farmers living in some contaminated areas of southern China who mainly consume locally-produced Cd-contaminated rice, their estimated dietary Cd intake is now comparable to that for the population in the region of Japan where the Itai-Itai disease was first reported. Interventions must be taken urgently to reduce Cd intake for these farmers. We also analyze i) the main reasons causing elevated grain Cd concentrations in southern China, ii) the dominant biogeochemical processes controlling the solubility of Cd in paddy soils, and iii) molecular mechanisms for the uptake and translocation of Cd in rice plants. Based on these analyses, we propose a number of countermeasures to address soil Cd contamination, including i) mitigation of Cd transfer from paddy soils to rice grain, and ii) intervention in those farmers who consume home-grown Cd-contaminated rice. Liming to increase soil pH to 6.5 and gene editing biotechnology are effective strategies to decrease Cd accumulation in rice grain. For these local farmers with high-Cd exposure risk, local governments should monitor the Cd concentration in their home-grown rice and exchange those high-Cd rice with low-Cd rice in order to reduce their dietary Cd intake.

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Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Wang P
State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. Electronic address: p.wang3@njau.edu.cn.
Chen H
State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
Kopittke PM
School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
Zhao FJ
State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.

MeSH

AgricultureCadmiumCalcium CompoundsChinaEdible GrainFood ContaminationFood SafetyJapanOryzaOxidesSoilSoil Pollutants

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Review

Language

eng

PubMed ID

31146310

Citation

Wang, Peng, et al. "Cadmium Contamination in Agricultural Soils of China and the Impact On Food Safety." Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987), vol. 249, 2019, pp. 1038-1048.
Wang P, Chen H, Kopittke PM, et al. Cadmium contamination in agricultural soils of China and the impact on food safety. Environ Pollut. 2019;249:1038-1048.
Wang, P., Chen, H., Kopittke, P. M., & Zhao, F. J. (2019). Cadmium contamination in agricultural soils of China and the impact on food safety. Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987), 249, 1038-1048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.063
Wang P, et al. Cadmium Contamination in Agricultural Soils of China and the Impact On Food Safety. Environ Pollut. 2019;249:1038-1048. PubMed PMID: 31146310.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Cadmium contamination in agricultural soils of China and the impact on food safety. AU - Wang,Peng, AU - Chen,Hongping, AU - Kopittke,Peter M, AU - Zhao,Fang-Jie, Y1 - 2019/03/19/ PY - 2019/02/15/received PY - 2019/03/15/revised PY - 2019/03/16/accepted PY - 2019/6/1/entrez PY - 2019/5/31/pubmed PY - 2019/8/3/medline KW - Cadmium KW - Food safety KW - Intervention KW - Mitigation strategies KW - Soil contamination SP - 1038 EP - 1048 JF - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) JO - Environ Pollut VL - 249 N2 - Rapid industrialization in China during the last three decades has resulted in widespread contamination of Cd in agricultural soils. A considerable proportion of the rice grain grown in some areas of southern China has Cd concentrations exceeding the Chinese food limit, raising widespread concern regarding food safety. In this review, we summarize rice grain Cd concentrations in national Chinese markets and in field surveys from contaminated areas, and analyze the potential health risk associated with increased dietary Cd intake. For subsistence rice farmers living in some contaminated areas of southern China who mainly consume locally-produced Cd-contaminated rice, their estimated dietary Cd intake is now comparable to that for the population in the region of Japan where the Itai-Itai disease was first reported. Interventions must be taken urgently to reduce Cd intake for these farmers. We also analyze i) the main reasons causing elevated grain Cd concentrations in southern China, ii) the dominant biogeochemical processes controlling the solubility of Cd in paddy soils, and iii) molecular mechanisms for the uptake and translocation of Cd in rice plants. Based on these analyses, we propose a number of countermeasures to address soil Cd contamination, including i) mitigation of Cd transfer from paddy soils to rice grain, and ii) intervention in those farmers who consume home-grown Cd-contaminated rice. Liming to increase soil pH to 6.5 and gene editing biotechnology are effective strategies to decrease Cd accumulation in rice grain. For these local farmers with high-Cd exposure risk, local governments should monitor the Cd concentration in their home-grown rice and exchange those high-Cd rice with low-Cd rice in order to reduce their dietary Cd intake. SN - 1873-6424 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/31146310/Cadmium_contamination_in_agricultural_soils_of_China_and_the_impact_on_food_safety_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -