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The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Ghanaian migrants and their homeland counterparts: the Research on Obesity and type 2 Diabetes among African Migrants (RODAM) study.
Eur J Public Health. 2019 10 01; 29(5):906-913.EJ

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. It is unknown whether the MetSyn prevalence differs within a homogenous population residing in different settings in Africa and Europe. We therefore assessed the prevalence of MetSyn among Ghanaians living in rural- and urban-Ghana and Ghanaian migrants living in Europe.

METHODS

We used data from the cross-sectional multi-centre RODAM study that was conducted among Ghanaian adults aged 25-70 years residing in rural- and urban-Ghana and in London, Amsterdam and Berlin (n = 5659). MetSyn was defined according to the 2009 harmonized definition. Geographical locations were compared using age-standardized prevalence rates, and prevalence ratios (PRs), adjusted for age, education, physical activity, and smoking and stratified for sex.

RESULTS

In men, the age-standardized prevalence of MetSyn was 8.3% in rural Ghana and showed a positive gradient through urban Ghana (23.6%, adjusted PR = 1.85, 95% confidence interval 1.17-2.92) to Europe, with the highest prevalence in Amsterdam (31.4%; PR = 4.45, 2.94-6.75). In women, there was a rural-to-urban gradient in age-standardized MetSyn prevalence (rural Ghana 25%, urban Ghana 34.4%, PR = 1.38, 1.13-1.68), but small differences in MetSyn prevalence between urban-Ghanaian and European-Ghanaian women (Amsterdam 38.4%; London 38.2%).

CONCLUSION

MetSyn is highly prevalent in Ghana as well as in Ghanaian migrants in Europe. To assist prevention efforts, further research is needed to understand the mechanisms driving the geographical differences in MetSyn prevalence between migrant and non-migrant Ghanaians.

Authors+Show Affiliations

Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.MKPGMS-Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala, Uganda.Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands. Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana. Department of Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana.Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

31220248

Citation

van der Linden, Eva L., et al. "The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Among Ghanaian Migrants and Their Homeland Counterparts: the Research On Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Among African Migrants (RODAM) Study." European Journal of Public Health, vol. 29, no. 5, 2019, pp. 906-913.
van der Linden EL, Meeks K, Beune E, et al. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Ghanaian migrants and their homeland counterparts: the Research on Obesity and type 2 Diabetes among African Migrants (RODAM) study. Eur J Public Health. 2019;29(5):906-913.
van der Linden, E. L., Meeks, K., Beune, E., de-Graft Aikins, A., Addo, J., Owusu-Dabo, E., Mockenhaupt, F. P., Bahendeka, S., Danquah, I., Schulze, M. B., Spranger, J., Klipstein-Grobusch, K., Tetteh Appiah, L., Smeeth, L., Stronks, K., & Agyemang, C. (2019). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Ghanaian migrants and their homeland counterparts: the Research on Obesity and type 2 Diabetes among African Migrants (RODAM) study. European Journal of Public Health, 29(5), 906-913. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz051
van der Linden EL, et al. The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Among Ghanaian Migrants and Their Homeland Counterparts: the Research On Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Among African Migrants (RODAM) Study. Eur J Public Health. 2019 10 1;29(5):906-913. PubMed PMID: 31220248.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Ghanaian migrants and their homeland counterparts: the Research on Obesity and type 2 Diabetes among African Migrants (RODAM) study. AU - van der Linden,Eva L, AU - Meeks,Karlijn, AU - Beune,Erik, AU - de-Graft Aikins,Ama, AU - Addo,Juliet, AU - Owusu-Dabo,Ellis, AU - Mockenhaupt,Frank P, AU - Bahendeka,Silver, AU - Danquah,Ina, AU - Schulze,Matthias B, AU - Spranger,Joachim, AU - Klipstein-Grobusch,Kerstin, AU - Tetteh Appiah,Lambert, AU - Smeeth,Liam, AU - Stronks,Karien, AU - Agyemang,Charles, PY - 2019/6/21/pubmed PY - 2020/10/6/medline PY - 2019/6/21/entrez SP - 906 EP - 913 JF - European journal of public health JO - Eur J Public Health VL - 29 IS - 5 N2 - BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. It is unknown whether the MetSyn prevalence differs within a homogenous population residing in different settings in Africa and Europe. We therefore assessed the prevalence of MetSyn among Ghanaians living in rural- and urban-Ghana and Ghanaian migrants living in Europe. METHODS: We used data from the cross-sectional multi-centre RODAM study that was conducted among Ghanaian adults aged 25-70 years residing in rural- and urban-Ghana and in London, Amsterdam and Berlin (n = 5659). MetSyn was defined according to the 2009 harmonized definition. Geographical locations were compared using age-standardized prevalence rates, and prevalence ratios (PRs), adjusted for age, education, physical activity, and smoking and stratified for sex. RESULTS: In men, the age-standardized prevalence of MetSyn was 8.3% in rural Ghana and showed a positive gradient through urban Ghana (23.6%, adjusted PR = 1.85, 95% confidence interval 1.17-2.92) to Europe, with the highest prevalence in Amsterdam (31.4%; PR = 4.45, 2.94-6.75). In women, there was a rural-to-urban gradient in age-standardized MetSyn prevalence (rural Ghana 25%, urban Ghana 34.4%, PR = 1.38, 1.13-1.68), but small differences in MetSyn prevalence between urban-Ghanaian and European-Ghanaian women (Amsterdam 38.4%; London 38.2%). CONCLUSION: MetSyn is highly prevalent in Ghana as well as in Ghanaian migrants in Europe. To assist prevention efforts, further research is needed to understand the mechanisms driving the geographical differences in MetSyn prevalence between migrant and non-migrant Ghanaians. SN - 1464-360X UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/31220248/The_prevalence_of_metabolic_syndrome_among_Ghanaian_migrants_and_their_homeland_counterparts:_the_Research_on_Obesity_and_type_2_Diabetes_among_African_Migrants__RODAM__study_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -