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Acute toxicity of triflumizole to freshwater green algae Chlorella vulgaris.
Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2019 Jul; 158:135-142.PB

Abstract

Triflumizole is one of imidazole fungicides that works by inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis, and is widely used for the control of powdery mildew and scabs on various fruits and crops. Triflumizole residue has been frequently detected in soil and aquatic ecosystems. While many studies have focused on its toxic effect on terrestrial and aquatic animals, little attention has been paid to aquatic algae, the primary producers of aquatic environments. Therefore, we evaluated the acute (96 h) toxicity effects of triflumizole on the freshwater algae Chlorella vulgaris, by examining growth, cell morphology, photosynthesis, and oxidative stress. The results showed that the 96 h median inhibition concentration (96 h-EC50) was 0.82 mg/L (95% confidential interval 0.70-0.98 mg/L).The growth of algal cells was conspicuously inhibited by triflumizole exposure, and the cell surfaces appeared to be shrunkThe chlorophyll content (including Chl-a, Chl-b and T-Chl) dramatically decreased at triflumizole concentrations of 0.2 and 1.0 mg/L. In addition, the transcript abundance of photosynthesis-related genes (psaB, psbC and rbcL) showed obvious decreases in above treatments after 96 h of exposure to triflumizole. Moreover, the algal growth inhibition was accompanied by an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde content, as well as increased activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, indicating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Our findings reveal that triflumizole has potential toxicity to the primary producers (freshwater algae) in aquatic ecosystems.

Authors+Show Affiliations

College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. Electronic address: xiongdongmei@nwsuaf.edu.cn.

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

31378349

Citation

Xi, Jiejun, et al. "Acute Toxicity of Triflumizole to Freshwater Green Algae Chlorella Vulgaris." Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, vol. 158, 2019, pp. 135-142.
Xi J, Shao J, Wang Y, et al. Acute toxicity of triflumizole to freshwater green algae Chlorella vulgaris. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2019;158:135-142.
Xi, J., Shao, J., Wang, Y., Wang, X., Yang, H., Zhang, X., & Xiong, D. (2019). Acute toxicity of triflumizole to freshwater green algae Chlorella vulgaris. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 158, 135-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.05.002
Xi J, et al. Acute Toxicity of Triflumizole to Freshwater Green Algae Chlorella Vulgaris. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2019;158:135-142. PubMed PMID: 31378349.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Acute toxicity of triflumizole to freshwater green algae Chlorella vulgaris. AU - Xi,Jiejun, AU - Shao,Jian, AU - Wang,Yuan, AU - Wang,Xiaoqin, AU - Yang,Hui, AU - Zhang,Xinwei, AU - Xiong,Dongmei, Y1 - 2019/05/15/ PY - 2019/01/11/received PY - 2019/05/07/revised PY - 2019/05/09/accepted PY - 2019/8/6/entrez PY - 2019/8/6/pubmed PY - 2019/8/24/medline KW - Green alga KW - Oxidative stress KW - Photosynthesis KW - Toxic effect KW - Triflumizole SP - 135 EP - 142 JF - Pesticide biochemistry and physiology JO - Pestic Biochem Physiol VL - 158 N2 - Triflumizole is one of imidazole fungicides that works by inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis, and is widely used for the control of powdery mildew and scabs on various fruits and crops. Triflumizole residue has been frequently detected in soil and aquatic ecosystems. While many studies have focused on its toxic effect on terrestrial and aquatic animals, little attention has been paid to aquatic algae, the primary producers of aquatic environments. Therefore, we evaluated the acute (96 h) toxicity effects of triflumizole on the freshwater algae Chlorella vulgaris, by examining growth, cell morphology, photosynthesis, and oxidative stress. The results showed that the 96 h median inhibition concentration (96 h-EC50) was 0.82 mg/L (95% confidential interval 0.70-0.98 mg/L).The growth of algal cells was conspicuously inhibited by triflumizole exposure, and the cell surfaces appeared to be shrunkThe chlorophyll content (including Chl-a, Chl-b and T-Chl) dramatically decreased at triflumizole concentrations of 0.2 and 1.0 mg/L. In addition, the transcript abundance of photosynthesis-related genes (psaB, psbC and rbcL) showed obvious decreases in above treatments after 96 h of exposure to triflumizole. Moreover, the algal growth inhibition was accompanied by an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde content, as well as increased activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, indicating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Our findings reveal that triflumizole has potential toxicity to the primary producers (freshwater algae) in aquatic ecosystems. SN - 1095-9939 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/31378349/Acute_toxicity_of_triflumizole_to_freshwater_green_algae_Chlorella_vulgaris_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -